diff --git a/src/App.tsx b/src/App.tsx
index 2dd6d7a..f113a4a 100644
--- a/src/App.tsx
+++ b/src/App.tsx
@@ -35,19 +35,11 @@ export default function App() {
                     <ScrollToTop />
                     <Routes>
                       <Route element={<PublicLayout />}>
+                        {/* English (root, no prefix) */}
                         <Route
                           path="/"
                           element={<LocalizedHomePage targetLang="en" />}
                         />
-                        {localizedHomeRoutes.map((route) => (
-                          <Route
-                            key={route.path}
-                            path={route.path}
-                            element={
-                              <LocalizedHomePage targetLang={route.lang} />
-                            }
-                          />
-                        ))}
                         <Route path="/browse" element={<Browse />} />
                         <Route
                           path="/categories"
@@ -67,6 +59,37 @@ export default function App() {
                           element={<PostRedirect />}
                         />
                         <Route path="/favorites" element={<Favorites />} />
+
+                        {/* Each non-English language gets its own nested tree. */}
+                        {localizedHomeRoutes.map((route) => (
+                          <Route key={route.path} path={route.path}>
+                            <Route
+                              index
+                              element={
+                                <LocalizedHomePage targetLang={route.lang} />
+                              }
+                            />
+                            <Route path="browse" element={<Browse />} />
+                            <Route
+                              path="categories"
+                              element={<CategoriesPage />}
+                            />
+                            <Route
+                              path="official-recommendations"
+                              element={<OfficialRecommendationsPage />}
+                            />
+                            <Route
+                              path="category/:slug"
+                              element={<CategoryPage />}
+                            />
+                            <Route path="search" element={<SearchPage />} />
+                            <Route
+                              path="resource/:id"
+                              element={<PostRedirect />}
+                            />
+                            <Route path="favorites" element={<Favorites />} />
+                          </Route>
+                        ))}
                       </Route>
 
                       {adminEnabled ? (
diff --git a/src/components/LatestUpdateRow.tsx b/src/components/LatestUpdateRow.tsx
index 273991e..cc90c3d 100644
--- a/src/components/LatestUpdateRow.tsx
+++ b/src/components/LatestUpdateRow.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
 import type { Resource } from "../api";
 import { CategoryIcon } from "./CategoryIcon";
 import { useI18n } from "../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 import { resourceTypeLabel } from "../resourceTypeLabels";
 import { formatDateYmd } from "../utils/format";
 
@@ -16,10 +17,11 @@ export function LatestUpdateRow({
   iconKey: string;
 }) {
   const { t } = useI18n();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const dateStr = formatDateYmd(r.updatedAt);
 
   return (
-    <Link to={`/resource/${r.id}`} className={LATEST_CARD_CLASS}>
+    <Link to={lp(`/resource/${r.id}`)} className={LATEST_CARD_CLASS}>
       <div className="flex shrink-0 items-center justify-center pt-0.5">
         <CategoryIcon
           iconKey={iconKey}
diff --git a/src/components/PopularRankList.tsx b/src/components/PopularRankList.tsx
index b6ed5ae..74a3dc9 100644
--- a/src/components/PopularRankList.tsx
+++ b/src/components/PopularRankList.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { useState } from "react";
 import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
 import { assetUrl, type Category } from "../api";
 import { useI18n } from "../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 import { resourceTypeLabel } from "../resourceTypeLabels";
 import { cleanCategoryDisplayName } from "../utils/categoryDisplay";
 import { formatDateYmd } from "../utils/format";
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ function PopularRankRow({
 }) {
   const { t, lang } = useI18n();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const { showToast } = useToast();
   const [isDownloading, setIsDownloading] = useState(false);
   const [coverFailed, setCoverFailed] = useState(false);
@@ -120,7 +122,9 @@ function PopularRankRow({
       <button
         type="button"
         onClick={() =>
-          navigate(`/browse?sort=popular&post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`)
+          navigate(
+            lp(`/browse?sort=popular&post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`),
+          )
         }
         aria-label={r.title}
         className="absolute inset-0 z-0 rounded-2xl outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/70"
diff --git a/src/components/RecommendedCard.tsx b/src/components/RecommendedCard.tsx
index b550652..549866f 100644
--- a/src/components/RecommendedCard.tsx
+++ b/src/components/RecommendedCard.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
 import type { Resource } from "../api";
 import { assetUrl } from "../api";
 import { useI18n } from "../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 import { useMemo, useState } from "react";
 import { formatDateYmd } from "../utils/format";
 import { DownloadCloudIcon } from "./icons/DownloadCloudIcon";
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ export function RecommendedCard({
   layout?: "carousel" | "grid";
 }) {
   const { t } = useI18n();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const { showToast } = useToast();
   const [isDownloading, setIsDownloading] = useState(false);
   const figmaCover =
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ export function RecommendedCard({
       }`}
     >
       <Link
-        to={`/resource/${r.id}`}
+        to={lp(`/resource/${r.id}`)}
         aria-label={displayTitle}
         className="absolute inset-0 z-10 outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/70"
       />
diff --git a/src/components/SearchPanel.tsx b/src/components/SearchPanel.tsx
index 2a6f14a..220acc6 100644
--- a/src/components/SearchPanel.tsx
+++ b/src/components/SearchPanel.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
 import { getJSON, itemsOrEmpty, readJSONCache } from "../api";
 import { langQuery, type Lang } from "../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 import type { Post, PostListResponse } from "../types/post";
 import { MessageBubble } from "./messageStream/MessageBubble";
 import { postDisplayText, postTitleText } from "./messageStream/utils/postText";
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ export function SearchPanel({
   onResultClick,
 }: SearchPanelProps) {
   const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const [tags, setTags] = useState<TagItem[]>([]);
   const [selectedTag, setSelectedTag] = useState("");
   const [tagPosts, setTagPosts] = useState<Post[]>([]);
@@ -334,7 +336,7 @@ export function SearchPanel({
                   return (
                     <Link
                       key={post.id}
-                      to={`/browse?post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`}
+                      to={lp(`/browse?post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`)}
                       onClick={onResultClick}
                       className="block rounded-2xl border border-white/10 bg-[#191921] px-4 py-3 transition hover:border-ark-gold/60 hover:bg-[#22232D] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/70"
                     >
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/MessageInlineVideo.tsx b/src/components/messageStream/MessageInlineVideo.tsx
index 0a3809b..799de35 100644
--- a/src/components/messageStream/MessageInlineVideo.tsx
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/MessageInlineVideo.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "react";
 import type { Attachment } from "../../types/post";
 import { AttachmentDownloadPill } from "./AttachmentDownloadPill";
+import { useVideoPreviewSource } from "./hooks/useVideoPreviewSource";
 import { useVideoPlayer } from "./overlays/VideoPlayer";
 
 function pad2(n: number): string {
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ export function MessageInlineVideo({
   const [snapProgress, setSnapProgress] = useState(false);
 
   const t = TOKENS[size];
+  const videoSrc = useVideoPreviewSource(attachment);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const v = videoRef.current;
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ export function MessageInlineVideo({
     <>
       <video
         ref={videoRef}
-        src={attachment.url}
+        src={videoSrc}
         poster={attachment.posterUrl}
         playsInline
         autoPlay={autoPlay}
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/bubbles/VideoBubble.tsx b/src/components/messageStream/bubbles/VideoBubble.tsx
index e33844a..d802df5 100644
--- a/src/components/messageStream/bubbles/VideoBubble.tsx
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/bubbles/VideoBubble.tsx
@@ -6,12 +6,20 @@ import { useI18n } from "../../../i18n";
 import type { Attachment, Post } from "../../../types/post";
 import { AttachmentDownloadPill } from "../AttachmentDownloadPill";
 import { MessageInlineVideo } from "../MessageInlineVideo";
+import {
+  useShouldUseMobilePreview,
+  useVideoPreviewSource,
+} from "../hooks/useVideoPreviewSource";
 import { useVideoPlayer } from "../overlays/VideoPlayer";
 import { autolink } from "../utils/autolink";
 import { CollapsibleText } from "../CollapsibleText";
 import { downloadAttachment } from "../utils/downloadFile";
 import { formatBytes } from "../utils/formatBytes";
 import { postDisplayText } from "../utils/postText";
+import {
+  videoMetadataPreviewSource,
+  videoPreviewSource,
+} from "../utils/videoPreviewSource";
 import { useToast } from "../../Toast";
 
 const MAX_VISIBLE = 4;
@@ -59,9 +67,8 @@ function VideoAttachmentCard({
   const [playing, setPlaying] = useState(false);
   const posterUrl = attachment.posterUrl ?? attachment.thumbnailUrl;
   const duration = formatDuration(attachment.durationSec);
-  const previewVideoUrl = attachment.url.includes("#")
-    ? attachment.url
-    : `${attachment.url}#t=0.1`;
+  const videoSrc = useVideoPreviewSource(attachment);
+  const previewVideoUrl = videoMetadataPreviewSource(videoSrc);
 
   return (
     <div
@@ -208,6 +215,8 @@ function VideoListDialog({
   onClose: () => void;
   onPick: (attachment: Attachment) => void;
 }) {
+  const useMobilePreview = useShouldUseMobilePreview();
+
   useEffect(() => {
     const onKey = (event: KeyboardEvent) => {
       if (event.key === "Escape") onClose();
@@ -242,9 +251,9 @@ function VideoListDialog({
         <div className="max-h-[70vh] overflow-y-auto p-2 [-ms-overflow-style:none] [scrollbar-width:none] [&::-webkit-scrollbar]:hidden">
           {videos.map((video, index) => {
             const thumb = video.posterUrl ?? video.thumbnailUrl;
-            const previewVideoUrl = video.url.includes("#")
-              ? video.url
-              : `${video.url}#t=0.1`;
+            const previewVideoUrl = videoMetadataPreviewSource(
+              videoPreviewSource(video, useMobilePreview),
+            );
             const duration = formatDuration(video.durationSec);
             return (
               <div
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/hooks/useVideoPreviewSource.ts b/src/components/messageStream/hooks/useVideoPreviewSource.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b34bd42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/hooks/useVideoPreviewSource.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import type { Attachment } from "../../../types/post";
+import {
+  mobilePreviewMediaQuery,
+  videoPreviewSource,
+} from "../utils/videoPreviewSource";
+
+function getMatchesMobilePreview(): boolean {
+  if (typeof window === "undefined" || !window.matchMedia) return false;
+  return window.matchMedia(mobilePreviewMediaQuery).matches;
+}
+
+export function useShouldUseMobilePreview(): boolean {
+  const [useMobilePreview, setUseMobilePreview] = useState(
+    getMatchesMobilePreview,
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (typeof window === "undefined" || !window.matchMedia) return;
+
+    const media = window.matchMedia(mobilePreviewMediaQuery);
+    const update = () => setUseMobilePreview(media.matches);
+    update();
+
+    media.addEventListener("change", update);
+    return () => media.removeEventListener("change", update);
+  }, []);
+
+  return useMobilePreview;
+}
+
+export function useVideoPreviewSource(attachment: Attachment): string {
+  return videoPreviewSource(attachment, useShouldUseMobilePreview());
+}
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.test.ts b/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..544d4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import type { Attachment } from "../../../types/post";
+import {
+  videoMetadataPreviewSource,
+  videoPreviewSource,
+} from "./videoPreviewSource";
+
+const attachment: Attachment = {
+  id: "att-1",
+  kind: "video",
+  url: "/uploads/desktop-preview.mp4",
+  mobilePreviewUrl: "/uploads/mobile-540p-preview.mp4",
+  mime: "video/mp4",
+  filename: "original.mp4",
+  sizeBytes: 1024,
+};
+
+describe("videoPreviewSource", () => {
+  it("uses the desktop preview by default", () => {
+    expect(videoPreviewSource(attachment, false)).toBe(
+      "/uploads/desktop-preview.mp4",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("uses mobilePreviewUrl only when mobile preview is active", () => {
+    expect(videoPreviewSource(attachment, true)).toBe(
+      "/uploads/mobile-540p-preview.mp4",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to the desktop preview when mobilePreviewUrl is absent", () => {
+    expect(
+      videoPreviewSource({ ...attachment, mobilePreviewUrl: undefined }, true),
+    ).toBe("/uploads/desktop-preview.mp4");
+  });
+
+  it("adds a metadata seek fragment only when the URL has no fragment", () => {
+    expect(videoMetadataPreviewSource("/uploads/video.mp4")).toBe(
+      "/uploads/video.mp4#t=0.1",
+    );
+    expect(videoMetadataPreviewSource("/uploads/video.mp4#t=2")).toBe(
+      "/uploads/video.mp4#t=2",
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.ts b/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..503c1c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import type { Attachment } from "../../../types/post";
+
+export const mobilePreviewMediaQuery = "(max-width: 760px)";
+
+export function videoPreviewSource(
+  attachment: Attachment,
+  useMobilePreview: boolean,
+): string {
+  if (useMobilePreview && attachment.mobilePreviewUrl) {
+    return attachment.mobilePreviewUrl;
+  }
+  return attachment.url;
+}
+
+export function videoMetadataPreviewSource(url: string): string {
+  return url.includes("#") ? url : `${url}#t=0.1`;
+}
diff --git a/src/languageRoutes.ts b/src/languageRoutes.ts
index b990a7b..106f730 100644
--- a/src/languageRoutes.ts
+++ b/src/languageRoutes.ts
@@ -33,3 +33,55 @@ export function homePathForLang(lang: Lang): string {
   if (lang === "en") return "/";
   return localizedHomeRoutes.find((route) => route.lang === lang)?.path ?? "/";
 }
+
+/** Returns the URL prefix for a language (e.g. "/malay"), or "" for English. */
+export function langPathPrefix(lang: Lang): string {
+  if (lang === "en") return "";
+  return localizedHomeRoutes.find((route) => route.lang === lang)?.path ?? "";
+}
+
+/** Detects which language a URL belongs to by inspecting the path prefix. */
+export function languageFromPathname(pathname: string): Lang {
+  const normalized = normalizePathname(pathname);
+  for (const route of localizedHomeRoutes) {
+    if (normalized === route.path || normalized.startsWith(route.path + "/")) {
+      return route.lang;
+    }
+  }
+  return "en";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prepends a language prefix to a path. Path may include `?query` or `#hash`;
+ * the prefix is inserted before the pathname only.
+ *
+ *   localizePath("/browse", "ms") -> "/malay/browse"
+ *   localizePath("/", "ms")       -> "/malay"
+ *   localizePath("/browse", "en") -> "/browse"
+ */
+export function localizePath(path: string, lang: Lang): string {
+  const prefix = langPathPrefix(lang);
+  if (!prefix) return path;
+  if (!path.startsWith("/")) path = "/" + path;
+  if (path === "/") return prefix;
+  return prefix + path;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes any known language prefix from a pathname. Useful when comparing
+ * the current route against canonical (unprefixed) paths.
+ *
+ *   stripLangPrefix("/malay/browse") -> "/browse"
+ *   stripLangPrefix("/malay")        -> "/"
+ *   stripLangPrefix("/browse")       -> "/browse"
+ */
+export function stripLangPrefix(pathname: string): string {
+  const normalized = normalizePathname(pathname);
+  for (const route of localizedHomeRoutes) {
+    if (normalized === route.path) return "/";
+    if (normalized.startsWith(route.path + "/")) {
+      return normalized.slice(route.path.length);
+    }
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
diff --git a/src/layouts/PublicLayout.tsx b/src/layouts/PublicLayout.tsx
index 618f8a1..b454568 100644
--- a/src/layouts/PublicLayout.tsx
+++ b/src/layouts/PublicLayout.tsx
@@ -11,7 +11,13 @@ import { DocumentMeta } from "../components/DocumentMeta";
 import { SearchPanel } from "../components/SearchPanel";
 import { useI18n, type Lang } from "../i18n";
 import { LANG_OPTIONS } from "../i18nLanguages";
-import { homePathForLang, isHomePathname } from "../languageRoutes";
+import {
+  homePathForLang,
+  isHomePathname,
+  languageFromPathname,
+  stripLangPrefix,
+} from "../languageRoutes";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 
 type PublicNavWhich =
   | "home"
@@ -29,25 +35,26 @@ function navIsActive(
   which: PublicNavWhich,
 ): boolean {
   const sp = new URLSearchParams(search);
+  const stripped = stripLangPrefix(pathname);
   switch (which) {
     case "home":
       return isHomePathname(pathname);
     case "browseAll":
-      return pathname === "/browse" && !sp.has("sort");
+      return stripped === "/browse" && !sp.has("sort");
     case "categories":
       return (
-        pathname === "/categories" ||
+        stripped === "/categories" ||
         (isHomePathname(pathname) && hash === "#categories")
       );
     case "browseLatest":
-      return pathname === "/browse" && sp.get("sort") === "latest";
+      return stripped === "/browse" && sp.get("sort") === "latest";
     case "browseRecommended":
-      return pathname === "/official-recommendations";
+      return stripped === "/official-recommendations";
     case "browsePopular":
-      return pathname === "/browse" && sp.get("sort") === "popular";
+      return stripped === "/browse" && sp.get("sort") === "popular";
     case "favorites":
       return (
-        pathname === "/favorites" ||
+        stripped === "/favorites" ||
         (isHomePathname(pathname) && hash === "#favorites")
       );
     default:
@@ -295,6 +302,15 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
   const desktopSearchRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
   const desktopSearchPanelRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
   const nav = useNavigate();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
+
+  // Keep i18n state in sync with URL so deep links (`/malay/browse`) flip the
+  // UI language even if the user navigated via address bar or shared link.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const urlLang = languageFromPathname(pathname);
+    if (urlLang !== lang) setLang(urlLang);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, [pathname]);
 
   const na = (which: PublicNavWhich) =>
     navIsActive(pathname, search, hash, which);
@@ -304,7 +320,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
     setLang(nextLang);
     if (isHome) nav(homePathForLang(nextLang), { replace: true });
   };
-  const footerInContentFlow = pathname === "/browse";
+  const footerInContentFlow = stripLangPrefix(pathname) === "/browse";
   // Current page name shown in the header brand slot (falls back to the brand).
   const pageTitle = usePageTitle();
 
@@ -344,12 +360,12 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
       if (idleId) ric.cancelIdleCallback?.(idleId);
     };
   }, [lang]);
-  const popularHref = "/browse?sort=popular";
+  const popularHref = lp("/browse?sort=popular");
 
   const goSearch = () => {
     const s = q.trim();
     if (!s) return;
-    nav(`/browse?q=${encodeURIComponent(s)}`);
+    nav(lp(`/browse?q=${encodeURIComponent(s)}`));
     setOpen(false);
     setMobileSearchOpen(false);
     setDesktopSearchOpen(false);
@@ -574,35 +590,35 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               aria-label={t("mainNav")}
             >
               <Link
-                to="/browse"
+                to={lp("/browse")}
                 className={navClassName(na("browseAll"))}
                 aria-current={na("browseAll") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
                 {t("all")}
               </Link>
               <Link
-                to="/categories"
+                to={lp("/categories")}
                 className={navClassName(na("categories"))}
                 aria-current={na("categories") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
                 {t("categories")}
               </Link>
               <Link
-                to="/official-recommendations"
+                to={lp("/official-recommendations")}
                 className={navClassName(na("browseRecommended"))}
                 aria-current={na("browseRecommended") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
                 {t("official")}
               </Link>
               <Link
-                to="/browse?sort=latest"
+                to={lp("/browse?sort=latest")}
                 className={navClassName(na("browseLatest"))}
                 aria-current={na("browseLatest") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
                 {t("latest")}
               </Link>
               <Link
-                to="/favorites"
+                to={lp("/favorites")}
                 className={navClassName(na("favorites"))}
                 aria-current={na("favorites") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
@@ -661,7 +677,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
             className={`${headerMenuAnimationClass} fixed inset-x-0 top-[64px] z-50 grid gap-2 bg-[#08070c] px-4 py-3 shadow-2xl shadow-black/50 min-[440px]:px-5 sm:px-6 md:top-[70px] md:px-9 min-[1000px]:hidden`}
           >
             <Link
-              to="/browse"
+              to={lp("/browse")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("browseAll"))}
               aria-current={na("browseAll") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -669,7 +685,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               {t("all")}
             </Link>
             <Link
-              to="/categories"
+              to={lp("/categories")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("categories"))}
               aria-current={na("categories") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -677,7 +693,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               {t("categories")}
             </Link>
             <Link
-              to="/official-recommendations"
+              to={lp("/official-recommendations")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("browseRecommended"))}
               aria-current={na("browseRecommended") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -685,7 +701,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               {t("official")}
             </Link>
             <Link
-              to="/browse?sort=latest"
+              to={lp("/browse?sort=latest")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("browseLatest"))}
               aria-current={na("browseLatest") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -693,7 +709,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               {t("latest")}
             </Link>
             <Link
-              to="/favorites"
+              to={lp("/favorites")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("favorites"))}
               aria-current={na("favorites") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -767,15 +783,16 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
             active={isHome}
           />
           <BottomNavIcon
-            to="/browse"
+            to={lp("/browse")}
             label={t("all")}
             icon="document"
             active={
-              pathname === "/browse" && !new URLSearchParams(search).get("sort")
+              stripLangPrefix(pathname) === "/browse" &&
+              !new URLSearchParams(search).get("sort")
             }
           />
           <BottomNavIcon
-            to="/favorites"
+            to={lp("/favorites")}
             label={t("favorites")}
             icon="bookmark"
             active={na("favorites")}
@@ -789,7 +806,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
         </div>
       </nav>
 
-      {pathname === "/browse" ? <BackToTop /> : null}
+      {stripLangPrefix(pathname) === "/browse" ? <BackToTop /> : null}
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/pages/Categories/index.tsx b/src/pages/Categories/index.tsx
index 16264e3..2edbe83 100644
--- a/src/pages/Categories/index.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/Categories/index.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { CategoryIcon } from "../../components/CategoryIcon";
 import { useSetPageTitle } from "../../components/PageTitleContext";
 import { Skeleton } from "../../components/Skeleton";
 import { langQuery, useI18n } from "../../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../../useLocalizedPath";
 import { cleanCategoryDisplayName } from "../../utils/categoryDisplay";
 import { Reveal } from "../../motion";
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ function figmaCategoryRank(category: Category): number {
 
 export function CategoriesPage() {
   const { t, lang } = useI18n();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   useSetPageTitle(t("categories"));
   const [cats, setCats] = useState<Category[]>([]);
   const [err, setErr] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ export function CategoriesPage() {
                 className="h-[88px]"
               >
                 <Link
-                  to={`/category/${encodeURIComponent(category.slug)}`}
+                  to={lp(`/category/${encodeURIComponent(category.slug)}`)}
                   className="flex h-[88px] min-w-0 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-xl border border-[#27292E] bg-[#1D1E23] px-4 py-3 text-center outline-none transition hover:border-ark-gold/55 hover:bg-[#252630] focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/80 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-ark-bg"
                 >
                   <CategoryIcon
diff --git a/src/pages/Home/index.tsx b/src/pages/Home/index.tsx
index c8a20a8..a8412cc 100644
--- a/src/pages/Home/index.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/Home/index.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { RecommendedCard } from "../../components/RecommendedCard";
 import { SectionHeader } from "../../components/SectionHeader";
 import { MessageBubble } from "../../components/messageStream/MessageBubble";
 import { langQuery, useI18n } from "../../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../../useLocalizedPath";
 import { sourceLanguageQuery } from "../../i18nLanguages";
 import { cleanCategoryDisplayName } from "../../utils/categoryDisplay";
 import {
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ function figmaCategoryRank(category: Category): number {
 
 export function Home() {
   const { t, lang } = useI18n();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const { hash } = useLocation();
   const [cats, setCats] = useState<Category[]>([]);
   const [rec, setRec] = useState<PostBackedResource[]>([]);
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@ export function Home() {
                     {page.map((c) => (
                       <Link
                         key={c.id}
-                        to={`/category/${encodeURIComponent(c.slug)}`}
+                        to={lp(`/category/${encodeURIComponent(c.slug)}`)}
                         className="flex h-[88px] min-w-0 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-xl border border-[#27292E] bg-[#1D1E23] px-4 py-3 text-center outline-none transition hover:border-ark-gold/55 hover:bg-[#252630] focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/80 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-ark-bg"
                       >
                         <CategoryIcon
@@ -350,7 +352,7 @@ export function Home() {
               {figmaOrderedCategories.map((c, index) => (
                 <Reveal key={c.id} delay={Math.min(index, 8) * 0.05}>
                   <Link
-                    to={`/category/${encodeURIComponent(c.slug)}`}
+                    to={lp(`/category/${encodeURIComponent(c.slug)}`)}
                     className="flex h-[88px] min-w-0 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-xl border border-[#27292E] bg-[#1D1E23] px-4 py-3 text-center outline-none transition hover:border-ark-gold/55 hover:bg-[#252630] focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/80 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-ark-bg"
                   >
                     <CategoryIcon
diff --git a/src/types/post.ts b/src/types/post.ts
index 4ffe78b..f66c1de 100644
--- a/src/types/post.ts
+++ b/src/types/post.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ export type Attachment = {
   posterUrl?: string;
   thumbUrl?: string;
   thumbnailUrl?: string;
+  /** Optional 540p/mobile-friendly preview video. Downloads still use the original endpoint. */
+  mobilePreviewUrl?: string;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/useLocalizedPath.ts b/src/useLocalizedPath.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b145ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/useLocalizedPath.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { useCallback } from "react";
+import { useI18n } from "./i18n";
+import { localizePath } from "./languageRoutes";
+
+/**
+ * Returns a stable `(path) => localized path` function bound to the current
+ * UI language. Use this anywhere a `<Link to>` or `navigate()` target needs to
+ * preserve the active language prefix (e.g. `/malay/browse`).
+ */
+export function useLocalizedPath() {
+  const { lang } = useI18n();
+  return useCallback((path: string) => localizePath(path, lang), [lang]);
+}