diff --git a/src/App.tsx b/src/App.tsx
index 2dd6d7a..f113a4a 100644
--- a/src/App.tsx
+++ b/src/App.tsx
@@ -35,19 +35,11 @@ export default function App() {
                     <ScrollToTop />
                     <Routes>
                       <Route element={<PublicLayout />}>
+                        {/* English (root, no prefix) */}
                         <Route
                           path="/"
                           element={<LocalizedHomePage targetLang="en" />}
                         />
-                        {localizedHomeRoutes.map((route) => (
-                          <Route
-                            key={route.path}
-                            path={route.path}
-                            element={
-                              <LocalizedHomePage targetLang={route.lang} />
-                            }
-                          />
-                        ))}
                         <Route path="/browse" element={<Browse />} />
                         <Route
                           path="/categories"
@@ -67,6 +59,37 @@ export default function App() {
                           element={<PostRedirect />}
                         />
                         <Route path="/favorites" element={<Favorites />} />
+
+                        {/* Each non-English language gets its own nested tree. */}
+                        {localizedHomeRoutes.map((route) => (
+                          <Route key={route.path} path={route.path}>
+                            <Route
+                              index
+                              element={
+                                <LocalizedHomePage targetLang={route.lang} />
+                              }
+                            />
+                            <Route path="browse" element={<Browse />} />
+                            <Route
+                              path="categories"
+                              element={<CategoriesPage />}
+                            />
+                            <Route
+                              path="official-recommendations"
+                              element={<OfficialRecommendationsPage />}
+                            />
+                            <Route
+                              path="category/:slug"
+                              element={<CategoryPage />}
+                            />
+                            <Route path="search" element={<SearchPage />} />
+                            <Route
+                              path="resource/:id"
+                              element={<PostRedirect />}
+                            />
+                            <Route path="favorites" element={<Favorites />} />
+                          </Route>
+                        ))}
                       </Route>
 
                       {adminEnabled ? (
diff --git a/src/components/LatestUpdateRow.tsx b/src/components/LatestUpdateRow.tsx
index 273991e..cc90c3d 100644
--- a/src/components/LatestUpdateRow.tsx
+++ b/src/components/LatestUpdateRow.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
 import type { Resource } from "../api";
 import { CategoryIcon } from "./CategoryIcon";
 import { useI18n } from "../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 import { resourceTypeLabel } from "../resourceTypeLabels";
 import { formatDateYmd } from "../utils/format";
 
@@ -16,10 +17,11 @@ export function LatestUpdateRow({
   iconKey: string;
 }) {
   const { t } = useI18n();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const dateStr = formatDateYmd(r.updatedAt);
 
   return (
-    <Link to={`/resource/${r.id}`} className={LATEST_CARD_CLASS}>
+    <Link to={lp(`/resource/${r.id}`)} className={LATEST_CARD_CLASS}>
       <div className="flex shrink-0 items-center justify-center pt-0.5">
         <CategoryIcon
           iconKey={iconKey}
diff --git a/src/components/PopularRankList.tsx b/src/components/PopularRankList.tsx
index b6ed5ae..74a3dc9 100644
--- a/src/components/PopularRankList.tsx
+++ b/src/components/PopularRankList.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { useState } from "react";
 import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
 import { assetUrl, type Category } from "../api";
 import { useI18n } from "../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 import { resourceTypeLabel } from "../resourceTypeLabels";
 import { cleanCategoryDisplayName } from "../utils/categoryDisplay";
 import { formatDateYmd } from "../utils/format";
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ function PopularRankRow({
 }) {
   const { t, lang } = useI18n();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const { showToast } = useToast();
   const [isDownloading, setIsDownloading] = useState(false);
   const [coverFailed, setCoverFailed] = useState(false);
@@ -120,7 +122,9 @@ function PopularRankRow({
       <button
         type="button"
         onClick={() =>
-          navigate(`/browse?sort=popular&post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`)
+          navigate(
+            lp(`/browse?sort=popular&post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`),
+          )
         }
         aria-label={r.title}
         className="absolute inset-0 z-0 rounded-2xl outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/70"
diff --git a/src/components/RecommendedCard.tsx b/src/components/RecommendedCard.tsx
index b550652..549866f 100644
--- a/src/components/RecommendedCard.tsx
+++ b/src/components/RecommendedCard.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
 import type { Resource } from "../api";
 import { assetUrl } from "../api";
 import { useI18n } from "../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 import { useMemo, useState } from "react";
 import { formatDateYmd } from "../utils/format";
 import { DownloadCloudIcon } from "./icons/DownloadCloudIcon";
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ export function RecommendedCard({
   layout?: "carousel" | "grid";
 }) {
   const { t } = useI18n();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const { showToast } = useToast();
   const [isDownloading, setIsDownloading] = useState(false);
   const figmaCover =
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ export function RecommendedCard({
       }`}
     >
       <Link
-        to={`/resource/${r.id}`}
+        to={lp(`/resource/${r.id}`)}
         aria-label={displayTitle}
         className="absolute inset-0 z-10 outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/70"
       />
diff --git a/src/components/SearchPanel.tsx b/src/components/SearchPanel.tsx
index 2a6f14a..220acc6 100644
--- a/src/components/SearchPanel.tsx
+++ b/src/components/SearchPanel.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
 import { getJSON, itemsOrEmpty, readJSONCache } from "../api";
 import { langQuery, type Lang } from "../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 import type { Post, PostListResponse } from "../types/post";
 import { MessageBubble } from "./messageStream/MessageBubble";
 import { postDisplayText, postTitleText } from "./messageStream/utils/postText";
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ export function SearchPanel({
   onResultClick,
 }: SearchPanelProps) {
   const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const [tags, setTags] = useState<TagItem[]>([]);
   const [selectedTag, setSelectedTag] = useState("");
   const [tagPosts, setTagPosts] = useState<Post[]>([]);
@@ -334,7 +336,7 @@ export function SearchPanel({
                   return (
                     <Link
                       key={post.id}
-                      to={`/browse?post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`}
+                      to={lp(`/browse?post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`)}
                       onClick={onResultClick}
                       className="block rounded-2xl border border-white/10 bg-[#191921] px-4 py-3 transition hover:border-ark-gold/60 hover:bg-[#22232D] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/70"
                     >
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/MessageInlineVideo.tsx b/src/components/messageStream/MessageInlineVideo.tsx
index 0a3809b..799de35 100644
--- a/src/components/messageStream/MessageInlineVideo.tsx
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/MessageInlineVideo.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "react";
 import type { Attachment } from "../../types/post";
 import { AttachmentDownloadPill } from "./AttachmentDownloadPill";
+import { useVideoPreviewSource } from "./hooks/useVideoPreviewSource";
 import { useVideoPlayer } from "./overlays/VideoPlayer";
 
 function pad2(n: number): string {
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ export function MessageInlineVideo({
   const [snapProgress, setSnapProgress] = useState(false);
 
   const t = TOKENS[size];
+  const videoSrc = useVideoPreviewSource(attachment);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const v = videoRef.current;
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ export function MessageInlineVideo({
     <>
       <video
         ref={videoRef}
-        src={attachment.url}
+        src={videoSrc}
         poster={attachment.posterUrl}
         playsInline
         autoPlay={autoPlay}
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/bubbles/VideoBubble.tsx b/src/components/messageStream/bubbles/VideoBubble.tsx
index e33844a..d802df5 100644
--- a/src/components/messageStream/bubbles/VideoBubble.tsx
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/bubbles/VideoBubble.tsx
@@ -6,12 +6,20 @@ import { useI18n } from "../../../i18n";
 import type { Attachment, Post } from "../../../types/post";
 import { AttachmentDownloadPill } from "../AttachmentDownloadPill";
 import { MessageInlineVideo } from "../MessageInlineVideo";
+import {
+  useShouldUseMobilePreview,
+  useVideoPreviewSource,
+} from "../hooks/useVideoPreviewSource";
 import { useVideoPlayer } from "../overlays/VideoPlayer";
 import { autolink } from "../utils/autolink";
 import { CollapsibleText } from "../CollapsibleText";
 import { downloadAttachment } from "../utils/downloadFile";
 import { formatBytes } from "../utils/formatBytes";
 import { postDisplayText } from "../utils/postText";
+import {
+  videoMetadataPreviewSource,
+  videoPreviewSource,
+} from "../utils/videoPreviewSource";
 import { useToast } from "../../Toast";
 
 const MAX_VISIBLE = 4;
@@ -59,9 +67,8 @@ function VideoAttachmentCard({
   const [playing, setPlaying] = useState(false);
   const posterUrl = attachment.posterUrl ?? attachment.thumbnailUrl;
   const duration = formatDuration(attachment.durationSec);
-  const previewVideoUrl = attachment.url.includes("#")
-    ? attachment.url
-    : `${attachment.url}#t=0.1`;
+  const videoSrc = useVideoPreviewSource(attachment);
+  const previewVideoUrl = videoMetadataPreviewSource(videoSrc);
 
   return (
     <div
@@ -208,6 +215,8 @@ function VideoListDialog({
   onClose: () => void;
   onPick: (attachment: Attachment) => void;
 }) {
+  const useMobilePreview = useShouldUseMobilePreview();
+
   useEffect(() => {
     const onKey = (event: KeyboardEvent) => {
       if (event.key === "Escape") onClose();
@@ -242,9 +251,9 @@ function VideoListDialog({
         <div className="max-h-[70vh] overflow-y-auto p-2 [-ms-overflow-style:none] [scrollbar-width:none] [&::-webkit-scrollbar]:hidden">
           {videos.map((video, index) => {
             const thumb = video.posterUrl ?? video.thumbnailUrl;
-            const previewVideoUrl = video.url.includes("#")
-              ? video.url
-              : `${video.url}#t=0.1`;
+            const previewVideoUrl = videoMetadataPreviewSource(
+              videoPreviewSource(video, useMobilePreview),
+            );
             const duration = formatDuration(video.durationSec);
             return (
               <div
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/hooks/useVideoPreviewSource.ts b/src/components/messageStream/hooks/useVideoPreviewSource.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b34bd42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/hooks/useVideoPreviewSource.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import type { Attachment } from "../../../types/post";
+import {
+  mobilePreviewMediaQuery,
+  videoPreviewSource,
+} from "../utils/videoPreviewSource";
+
+function getMatchesMobilePreview(): boolean {
+  if (typeof window === "undefined" || !window.matchMedia) return false;
+  return window.matchMedia(mobilePreviewMediaQuery).matches;
+}
+
+export function useShouldUseMobilePreview(): boolean {
+  const [useMobilePreview, setUseMobilePreview] = useState(
+    getMatchesMobilePreview,
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (typeof window === "undefined" || !window.matchMedia) return;
+
+    const media = window.matchMedia(mobilePreviewMediaQuery);
+    const update = () => setUseMobilePreview(media.matches);
+    update();
+
+    media.addEventListener("change", update);
+    return () => media.removeEventListener("change", update);
+  }, []);
+
+  return useMobilePreview;
+}
+
+export function useVideoPreviewSource(attachment: Attachment): string {
+  return videoPreviewSource(attachment, useShouldUseMobilePreview());
+}
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/utils/formatBytes.test.ts b/src/components/messageStream/utils/formatBytes.test.ts
index b95248e..1e24ee5 100644
--- a/src/components/messageStream/utils/formatBytes.test.ts
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/utils/formatBytes.test.ts
@@ -5,26 +5,26 @@ describe("formatBytes", () => {
   it("returns bytes under 1 KB unchanged", () => {
     expect(formatBytes(0)).toBe("0 B");
     expect(formatBytes(512)).toBe("512 B");
-    expect(formatBytes(1023)).toBe("1023 B");
+    expect(formatBytes(999)).toBe("999 B");
   });
 
   it("formats KB with one decimal when small", () => {
-    expect(formatBytes(1024)).toBe("1 KB");
-    expect(formatBytes(1536)).toBe("1.5 KB");
+    expect(formatBytes(1000)).toBe("1 KB");
+    expect(formatBytes(1500)).toBe("1.5 KB");
   });
 
   it("formats MB with one decimal", () => {
-    expect(formatBytes(3_549_239)).toBe("3.4 MB");
-    expect(formatBytes(4_800_000)).toBe("4.6 MB");
+    expect(formatBytes(3_400_000)).toBe("3.4 MB");
+    expect(formatBytes(4_600_000)).toBe("4.6 MB");
   });
 
   it("drops decimals once value >= 100", () => {
-    expect(formatBytes(150 * 1024 * 1024)).toBe("150 MB");
+    expect(formatBytes(150 * 1000 * 1000)).toBe("150 MB");
   });
 
   it("handles GB and TB", () => {
-    expect(formatBytes(2 * 1024 ** 3)).toBe("2 GB");
-    expect(formatBytes(3 * 1024 ** 4)).toBe("3 TB");
+    expect(formatBytes(2 * 1000 ** 3)).toBe("2 GB");
+    expect(formatBytes(3 * 1000 ** 4)).toBe("3 TB");
   });
 
   it("guards against invalid input", () => {
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/utils/formatBytes.ts b/src/components/messageStream/utils/formatBytes.ts
index b9d8fb1..2b0c229 100644
--- a/src/components/messageStream/utils/formatBytes.ts
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/utils/formatBytes.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ const UNITS = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"] as const;
 
 export function formatBytes(bytes: number): string {
   if (!Number.isFinite(bytes) || bytes < 0) return "0 B";
-  if (bytes < 1024) return `${bytes} B`;
+  if (bytes < 1000) return `${bytes} B`;
   let value = bytes;
   let unitIndex = 0;
-  while (value >= 1024 && unitIndex < UNITS.length - 1) {
-    value /= 1024;
+  while (value >= 1000 && unitIndex < UNITS.length - 1) {
+    value /= 1000;
     unitIndex += 1;
   }
   const rounded =
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.test.ts b/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..544d4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import type { Attachment } from "../../../types/post";
+import {
+  videoMetadataPreviewSource,
+  videoPreviewSource,
+} from "./videoPreviewSource";
+
+const attachment: Attachment = {
+  id: "att-1",
+  kind: "video",
+  url: "/uploads/desktop-preview.mp4",
+  mobilePreviewUrl: "/uploads/mobile-540p-preview.mp4",
+  mime: "video/mp4",
+  filename: "original.mp4",
+  sizeBytes: 1024,
+};
+
+describe("videoPreviewSource", () => {
+  it("uses the desktop preview by default", () => {
+    expect(videoPreviewSource(attachment, false)).toBe(
+      "/uploads/desktop-preview.mp4",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("uses mobilePreviewUrl only when mobile preview is active", () => {
+    expect(videoPreviewSource(attachment, true)).toBe(
+      "/uploads/mobile-540p-preview.mp4",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to the desktop preview when mobilePreviewUrl is absent", () => {
+    expect(
+      videoPreviewSource({ ...attachment, mobilePreviewUrl: undefined }, true),
+    ).toBe("/uploads/desktop-preview.mp4");
+  });
+
+  it("adds a metadata seek fragment only when the URL has no fragment", () => {
+    expect(videoMetadataPreviewSource("/uploads/video.mp4")).toBe(
+      "/uploads/video.mp4#t=0.1",
+    );
+    expect(videoMetadataPreviewSource("/uploads/video.mp4#t=2")).toBe(
+      "/uploads/video.mp4#t=2",
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.ts b/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..503c1c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/messageStream/utils/videoPreviewSource.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import type { Attachment } from "../../../types/post";
+
+export const mobilePreviewMediaQuery = "(max-width: 760px)";
+
+export function videoPreviewSource(
+  attachment: Attachment,
+  useMobilePreview: boolean,
+): string {
+  if (useMobilePreview && attachment.mobilePreviewUrl) {
+    return attachment.mobilePreviewUrl;
+  }
+  return attachment.url;
+}
+
+export function videoMetadataPreviewSource(url: string): string {
+  return url.includes("#") ? url : `${url}#t=0.1`;
+}
diff --git a/src/i18n.tsx b/src/i18n.tsx
index 3c5952a..c3efa17 100644
--- a/src/i18n.tsx
+++ b/src/i18n.tsx
@@ -5,359 +5,30 @@ import React, {
   useMemo,
   useState,
 } from "react";
-import { languageForHomePathname } from "./languageRoutes";
+import {
+  languageForHomePathname,
+  languageFromPathname,
+  langPathPrefix,
+} from "./languageRoutes";
+import type { Dict } from "./locales/types";
+import { zhDict } from "./locales/zh-CN";
+import { enDict } from "./locales/en";
+import { jaDict } from "./locales/ja";
+import { koDict } from "./locales/ko";
+import { viDict } from "./locales/vi";
+import { idDict } from "./locales/id";
+import { msDict } from "./locales/ms";
 
 export type Lang = "zh-CN" | "en" | "ja" | "ko" | "vi" | "id" | "ms";
 
-type Dict = Record<string, string>;
-
-const zhDict: Dict = {
-  brand: "ARK 资料库",
-  mainNav: "网站导航",
-  home: "首页",
-  all: "全部资料",
-  categories: "资料分类",
-  latest: "最新更新",
-  official: "官方推荐",
-  popular: "热门资料",
-  search: "搜索",
-  searchPlaceholder: "搜索资料...",
-  searchPanelPlaceholder: "搜索资料...",
-  searchNow: "立即搜索资料",
-  searchSubmit: "搜索",
-  cancel: "取消",
-  clear: "清除",
-  searchPanelHint: "支持搜索 标题・分类・标签・简介・文件类型・正文",
-  currentTags: "现有标签",
-  noTagsAvailable: "暂无可选择的标签。",
-  tagPostsTitle: "#{{tag}} 相关资料",
-  noTagPosts: "暂时找不到带有此标签的资料。",
-  viewAll: "查看全部",
-  backToTop: "回到顶部",
-  heroTitle: "ARK 官方数据库",
-  heroSub:
-    "集中、分类、管理 ARK 数据库，让你快速找到所需资源，推动社群共识与成长。",
-  categorySection: "资料分类",
-  officialSection: "官方推荐",
-  latestSection: "最新更新",
-  popularSection: "热门资料",
-  preview: "预览",
-  download: "下载",
-  downloading: "下载中…",
-  downloadOk: "下载完成",
-  downloadFail: "下载失败，请重试",
-  longPressImageSave: "长按图片保存到相册",
-  showMore: "展开全部",
-  showLess: "收起全部",
-  share: "分享",
-  langLabel: "语言",
-  admin: "后台",
-  login: "登录",
-  logout: "退出",
-  email: "邮箱",
-  password: "密码",
-  dashboard: "仪表盘",
-  resources: "资料管理",
-  newResource: "新增资料",
-  save: "保存",
-  title: "标题",
-  description: "简介",
-  type: "类型",
-  language: "语言",
-  category: "分类",
-  status: "状态",
-  public: "公开",
-  downloadable: "可下载",
-  recommended: "首页推荐",
-  cover: "封面图 URL",
-  fileUrl: "文件 URL",
-  externalUrl: "外部链接",
-  body: "文案内容",
-  badge: "推荐标签",
-  published: "已发布",
-  draft: "草稿",
-  archived: "归档",
-  noResults: "找不到符合的资料，请换个关键字或浏览分类。",
-  copyLink: "复制链接",
-  related: "相关资料",
-  total: "总资料",
-  views: "浏览",
-  downloads: "下载",
-  lang_zh_CN: "中文",
-  lang_en: "English",
-  lang_ja: "日本語",
-  lang_ko: "한국어",
-  lang_vi: "Tiếng Việt",
-  lang_id: "Bahasa Indonesia",
-  lang_ms: "Bahasa Melayu",
-  filterAll: "全部",
-  sortPublished: "发布时间",
-  type_ppt: "PPT",
-  type_music: "音乐",
-  type_video: "视频",
-  type_image: "图片",
-  type_pdf: "PDF",
-  type_link: "链接",
-  type_text: "文字",
-  type_archive: "压缩包",
-  type_zip: "ZIP",
-  adminLoginTitle: "管理后台登录",
-  adminEditResource: "编辑资料",
-  adminVideoFileHint:
-    "上传视频文件（MP4/WebM/MOV 等），类型请选择「视频」；保存后前台自动播放（默认静音，可点喇叭开声音）。",
-  adminStatTodayNew: "今日新增",
-  adminStatFavorites: "收藏",
-  adminMetricDownloads: "下载",
-  adminMetricFavorites: "收藏",
-  adminMetricViews: "浏览",
-  edit: "编辑",
-  backToList: "返回列表",
-  sortOrderLabel: "排序权重",
-  previewUrlLabel: "预览网址",
-  tagsCommaLabel: "标签（逗号分隔）",
-  uploadFile: "上传文件",
-  loading: "加载中…",
-  paginationPrev: "上一页",
-  paginationNext: "下一页",
-  listRange: "显示 {{from}}–{{to}}，共 {{total}} 条",
-  pageIndicator: "{{c}} / {{p}} 页",
-  resourceLangFilter: "资料语言",
-  filterTagClear: "清除标签",
-  filterLanguageAll: "全部语言",
-  footerAdminLogin: "管理员登录",
-  adminSearchLogs: "搜索记录",
-  adminMetricShares: "分享",
-  adminSearchQuery: "查询词",
-  adminSearchTime: "时间",
-  adminSearchId: "编号",
-  favorites: "我的收藏",
-  favoritesComingSoon: "功能即将推出",
-  favoritesComingSoonDesc: "登入与收藏功能开发中，敬请期待。",
-  featureUnavailable: "未开放",
-  featureUnavailableDesc: "该功能暂未开放。",
-  confirm: "知道了",
-  backToHome: "返回首页",
-};
-
-const enDict: Dict = {
-  brand: "ARK Library",
-  mainNav: "Site menu",
-  home: "Home",
-  all: "All assets",
-  categories: "Categories",
-  latest: "Latest",
-  official: "Official picks",
-  popular: "Popular",
-  search: "Search",
-  searchPlaceholder: "Search resources...",
-  searchPanelPlaceholder: "Search assets...",
-  searchNow: "Search now",
-  searchSubmit: "Search",
-  cancel: "Cancel",
-  clear: "Clear",
-  searchPanelHint:
-    "Search supports title, category, tags, summary, file type, and body text.",
-  currentTags: "Available tags",
-  noTagsAvailable: "No tags available yet.",
-  tagPostsTitle: "#{{tag}} related posts",
-  noTagPosts: "No posts with this tag yet.",
-  viewAll: "View all",
-  backToTop: "Back to top",
-  heroTitle: "ARK Official Library",
-  heroSub:
-    "Centralize, organize, and manage the ARK library so you can find what you need fast and help the community grow together.",
-  categorySection: "Categories",
-  officialSection: "Official recommendations",
-  latestSection: "Latest updates",
-  popularSection: "Popular assets",
-  preview: "Preview",
-  download: "Download",
-  downloading: "Downloading…",
-  downloadOk: "Download complete",
-  downloadFail: "Download failed, please retry",
-  longPressImageSave: "Long-press image to save",
-  showMore: "Show all",
-  showLess: "Show less",
-  share: "Share",
-  langLabel: "Language",
-  admin: "Admin",
-  login: "Sign in",
-  logout: "Sign out",
-  email: "Email",
-  password: "Password",
-  dashboard: "Dashboard",
-  resources: "Resources",
-  newResource: "New resource",
-  save: "Save",
-  title: "Title",
-  description: "Description",
-  type: "Type",
-  language: "Language",
-  category: "Category",
-  status: "Status",
-  public: "Public",
-  downloadable: "Downloadable",
-  recommended: "Featured",
-  cover: "Cover image URL",
-  fileUrl: "File URL",
-  externalUrl: "External URL",
-  body: "Text body",
-  badge: "Badge label",
-  published: "Published",
-  draft: "Draft",
-  archived: "Archived",
-  noResults: "No results. Try another keyword or browse categories.",
-  copyLink: "Copy link",
-  related: "Related",
-  total: "Total items",
-  views: "Views",
-  downloads: "Downloads",
-  lang_zh_CN: "Chinese",
-  lang_en: "English",
-  lang_ja: "Japanese",
-  lang_ko: "Korean",
-  lang_vi: "Vietnamese",
-  lang_id: "Indonesian",
-  lang_ms: "Malay",
-  filterAll: "All types",
-  sortPublished: "Published date",
-  type_ppt: "PPT",
-  type_music: "Music",
-  type_video: "Video",
-  type_image: "Image",
-  type_pdf: "PDF",
-  type_link: "Link",
-  type_text: "Text",
-  type_archive: "Archive",
-  type_zip: "ZIP",
-  adminLoginTitle: "Admin sign in",
-  adminEditResource: "Edit resource",
-  adminVideoFileHint:
-    "Upload a video file (MP4/WebM/MOV, etc.) and set type to Video; the site will autoplay (muted by default — user can unmute).",
-  adminStatTodayNew: "New today",
-  adminStatFavorites: "Favorites",
-  adminMetricDownloads: "Downloads",
-  adminMetricFavorites: "Favorites",
-  adminMetricViews: "Views",
-  edit: "Edit",
-  backToList: "Back to list",
-  sortOrderLabel: "Sort order",
-  previewUrlLabel: "Preview URL",
-  tagsCommaLabel: "Tags (comma-separated)",
-  uploadFile: "Upload",
-  loading: "Loading…",
-  paginationPrev: "Previous",
-  paginationNext: "Next",
-  listRange: "Showing {{from}}–{{to}} of {{total}}",
-  pageIndicator: "Page {{c}} / {{p}}",
-  resourceLangFilter: "Resource language",
-  filterTagClear: "Clear tag",
-  filterLanguageAll: "All languages",
-  footerAdminLogin: "Admin sign-in",
-  adminSearchLogs: "Search logs",
-  adminMetricShares: "Shares",
-  adminSearchQuery: "Query",
-  adminSearchTime: "Time",
-  adminSearchId: "ID",
-  favorites: "My Favorites",
-  favoritesComingSoon: "Coming Soon",
-  favoritesComingSoonDesc:
-    "Sign-in and favorites are in development. Stay tuned.",
-  featureUnavailable: "Not available yet",
-  featureUnavailableDesc: "This feature is not available yet.",
-  confirm: "Got it",
-  backToHome: "Back to Home",
-};
-
-const languageNames: Record<Lang, Dict> = {
-  "zh-CN": {
-    lang_zh_CN: "中文",
-    lang_en: "English",
-    lang_ja: "日本語",
-    lang_ko: "한국어",
-    lang_vi: "Tiếng Việt",
-    lang_id: "Bahasa Indonesia",
-    lang_ms: "Bahasa Melayu",
-  },
-  en: {
-    lang_zh_CN: "Chinese",
-    lang_en: "English",
-    lang_ja: "Japanese",
-    lang_ko: "Korean",
-    lang_vi: "Vietnamese",
-    lang_id: "Indonesian",
-    lang_ms: "Malay",
-  },
-  ja: {
-    brand: "ARK ライブラリー",
-    showMore: "すべて表示",
-    showLess: "閉じる",
-    lang_zh_CN: "中国語",
-    lang_en: "英語",
-    lang_ja: "日本語",
-    lang_ko: "韓国語",
-    lang_vi: "ベトナム語",
-    lang_id: "インドネシア語",
-    lang_ms: "マレー語",
-  },
-  ko: {
-    brand: "ARK 라이브러리",
-    showMore: "모두 보기",
-    showLess: "접기",
-    lang_zh_CN: "중국어",
-    lang_en: "영어",
-    lang_ja: "일본어",
-    lang_ko: "한국어",
-    lang_vi: "베트남어",
-    lang_id: "인도네시아어",
-    lang_ms: "말레이어",
-  },
-  vi: {
-    brand: "Thư viện ARK",
-    showMore: "Xem tất cả",
-    showLess: "Thu gọn",
-    lang_zh_CN: "Tiếng Trung",
-    lang_en: "Tiếng Anh",
-    lang_ja: "Tiếng Nhật",
-    lang_ko: "Tiếng Hàn",
-    lang_vi: "Tiếng Việt",
-    lang_id: "Tiếng Indonesia",
-    lang_ms: "Tiếng Mã Lai",
-  },
-  id: {
-    brand: "Perpustakaan ARK",
-    showMore: "Lihat semua",
-    showLess: "Tutup",
-    lang_zh_CN: "Bahasa Tionghoa",
-    lang_en: "Bahasa Inggris",
-    lang_ja: "Bahasa Jepang",
-    lang_ko: "Bahasa Korea",
-    lang_vi: "Bahasa Vietnam",
-    lang_id: "Bahasa Indonesia",
-    lang_ms: "Bahasa Melayu",
-  },
-  ms: {
-    brand: "Perpustakaan ARK",
-    showMore: "Lihat semua",
-    showLess: "Tutup",
-    lang_zh_CN: "Bahasa Cina",
-    lang_en: "Bahasa Inggeris",
-    lang_ja: "Bahasa Jepun",
-    lang_ko: "Bahasa Korea",
-    lang_vi: "Bahasa Vietnam",
-    lang_id: "Bahasa Indonesia",
-    lang_ms: "Bahasa Melayu",
-  },
-};
-
 const dict: Record<Lang, Dict> = {
-  "zh-CN": { ...zhDict, ...languageNames["zh-CN"] },
-  en: { ...enDict, ...languageNames.en },
-  ja: { ...enDict, ...languageNames.ja },
-  ko: { ...enDict, ...languageNames.ko },
-  vi: { ...enDict, ...languageNames.vi },
-  id: { ...enDict, ...languageNames.id },
-  ms: { ...enDict, ...languageNames.ms },
+  "zh-CN": zhDict,
+  en: enDict,
+  ja: jaDict,
+  ko: koDict,
+  vi: viDict,
+  id: idDict,
+  ms: msDict,
 };
 
 /** Fixed locale lookup (admin UI uses Simplified Chinese). */
@@ -373,9 +44,14 @@ const LANG_KEY = "ark_lang";
 
 export function I18nProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
   const [lang, setLangState] = useState<Lang>(() => {
-    const routeLang = languageForHomePathname(window.location.pathname);
-    if (routeLang) return routeLang;
-    if (window.location.pathname === "/") return "en";
+    const path = window.location.pathname;
+    // Any URL whose first path segment is a known language prefix wins
+    // (covers /malay, /malay/browse, /korean/category/foo, etc.).
+    const homeLang = languageForHomePathname(path);
+    if (homeLang) return homeLang;
+    const deepLang = languageFromPathname(path);
+    if (langPathPrefix(deepLang)) return deepLang;
+    if (path === "/") return "en";
 
     const s = localStorage.getItem(LANG_KEY);
     if (s === "zh" || s === "zh-TW") return "zh-CN";
diff --git a/src/languageRoutes.ts b/src/languageRoutes.ts
index b990a7b..106f730 100644
--- a/src/languageRoutes.ts
+++ b/src/languageRoutes.ts
@@ -33,3 +33,55 @@ export function homePathForLang(lang: Lang): string {
   if (lang === "en") return "/";
   return localizedHomeRoutes.find((route) => route.lang === lang)?.path ?? "/";
 }
+
+/** Returns the URL prefix for a language (e.g. "/malay"), or "" for English. */
+export function langPathPrefix(lang: Lang): string {
+  if (lang === "en") return "";
+  return localizedHomeRoutes.find((route) => route.lang === lang)?.path ?? "";
+}
+
+/** Detects which language a URL belongs to by inspecting the path prefix. */
+export function languageFromPathname(pathname: string): Lang {
+  const normalized = normalizePathname(pathname);
+  for (const route of localizedHomeRoutes) {
+    if (normalized === route.path || normalized.startsWith(route.path + "/")) {
+      return route.lang;
+    }
+  }
+  return "en";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prepends a language prefix to a path. Path may include `?query` or `#hash`;
+ * the prefix is inserted before the pathname only.
+ *
+ *   localizePath("/browse", "ms") -> "/malay/browse"
+ *   localizePath("/", "ms")       -> "/malay"
+ *   localizePath("/browse", "en") -> "/browse"
+ */
+export function localizePath(path: string, lang: Lang): string {
+  const prefix = langPathPrefix(lang);
+  if (!prefix) return path;
+  if (!path.startsWith("/")) path = "/" + path;
+  if (path === "/") return prefix;
+  return prefix + path;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes any known language prefix from a pathname. Useful when comparing
+ * the current route against canonical (unprefixed) paths.
+ *
+ *   stripLangPrefix("/malay/browse") -> "/browse"
+ *   stripLangPrefix("/malay")        -> "/"
+ *   stripLangPrefix("/browse")       -> "/browse"
+ */
+export function stripLangPrefix(pathname: string): string {
+  const normalized = normalizePathname(pathname);
+  for (const route of localizedHomeRoutes) {
+    if (normalized === route.path) return "/";
+    if (normalized.startsWith(route.path + "/")) {
+      return normalized.slice(route.path.length);
+    }
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
diff --git a/src/layouts/PublicLayout.tsx b/src/layouts/PublicLayout.tsx
index a609d44..ff983f8 100644
--- a/src/layouts/PublicLayout.tsx
+++ b/src/layouts/PublicLayout.tsx
@@ -11,7 +11,14 @@ import { DocumentMeta } from "../components/DocumentMeta";
 import { SearchPanel } from "../components/SearchPanel";
 import { useI18n, type Lang } from "../i18n";
 import { LANG_OPTIONS } from "../i18nLanguages";
-import { homePathForLang, isHomePathname } from "../languageRoutes";
+import {
+  homePathForLang,
+  isHomePathname,
+  languageFromPathname,
+  localizePath,
+  stripLangPrefix,
+} from "../languageRoutes";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../useLocalizedPath";
 
 type PublicNavWhich =
   | "home"
@@ -29,25 +36,26 @@ function navIsActive(
   which: PublicNavWhich,
 ): boolean {
   const sp = new URLSearchParams(search);
+  const stripped = stripLangPrefix(pathname);
   switch (which) {
     case "home":
       return isHomePathname(pathname);
     case "browseAll":
-      return pathname === "/browse" && !sp.has("sort");
+      return stripped === "/browse" && !sp.has("sort");
     case "categories":
       return (
-        pathname === "/categories" ||
+        stripped === "/categories" ||
         (isHomePathname(pathname) && hash === "#categories")
       );
     case "browseLatest":
-      return pathname === "/browse" && sp.get("sort") === "latest";
+      return stripped === "/browse" && sp.get("sort") === "latest";
     case "browseRecommended":
-      return pathname === "/official-recommendations";
+      return stripped === "/official-recommendations";
     case "browsePopular":
-      return pathname === "/browse" && sp.get("sort") === "popular";
+      return stripped === "/browse" && sp.get("sort") === "popular";
     case "favorites":
       return (
-        pathname === "/favorites" ||
+        stripped === "/favorites" ||
         (isHomePathname(pathname) && hash === "#favorites")
       );
     default:
@@ -295,6 +303,15 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
   const desktopSearchRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
   const desktopSearchPanelRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
   const nav = useNavigate();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
+
+  // Keep i18n state in sync with URL so deep links (`/malay/browse`) flip the
+  // UI language even if the user navigated via address bar or shared link.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const urlLang = languageFromPathname(pathname);
+    if (urlLang !== lang) setLang(urlLang);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+  }, [pathname]);
 
   const na = (which: PublicNavWhich) =>
     navIsActive(pathname, search, hash, which);
@@ -302,9 +319,17 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
   const homePath = homePathForLang(lang);
   const changeLang = (nextLang: Lang) => {
     setLang(nextLang);
-    if (isHome) nav(homePathForLang(nextLang), { replace: true });
+    if (isHome) {
+      nav(homePathForLang(nextLang), { replace: true });
+    } else {
+      // Preserve sub-path and query/hash; only swap the language prefix.
+      const canonical = stripLangPrefix(pathname);
+      nav(localizePath(canonical, nextLang) + search + hash, {
+        replace: true,
+      });
+    }
   };
-  const footerInContentFlow = pathname === "/browse";
+  const footerInContentFlow = stripLangPrefix(pathname) === "/browse";
   // Current page name shown in the header brand slot (falls back to the brand).
   const pageTitle = usePageTitle();
 
@@ -344,12 +369,12 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
       if (idleId) ric.cancelIdleCallback?.(idleId);
     };
   }, [lang]);
-  const popularHref = "/browse?sort=popular";
+  const popularHref = lp("/browse?sort=popular");
 
   const goSearch = () => {
     const s = q.trim();
     if (!s) return;
-    nav(`/browse?q=${encodeURIComponent(s)}`);
+    nav(lp(`/browse?q=${encodeURIComponent(s)}`));
     setOpen(false);
     setMobileSearchOpen(false);
     setDesktopSearchOpen(false);
@@ -563,7 +588,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               <button
                 type="button"
                 onClick={() => window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: "smooth" })}
-                className="max-w-[10rem] truncate rounded-sm text-left text-ark-gold outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/80 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-ark-bg sm:inline"
+                className="max-w-[14rem] truncate rounded-sm text-left text-ark-gold outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/80 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-ark-bg sm:inline"
               >
                 {pageTitle || t("brand")}
               </button>
@@ -574,35 +599,35 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               aria-label={t("mainNav")}
             >
               <Link
-                to="/browse"
+                to={lp("/browse")}
                 className={navClassName(na("browseAll"))}
                 aria-current={na("browseAll") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
                 {t("all")}
               </Link>
               <Link
-                to="/categories"
+                to={lp("/categories")}
                 className={navClassName(na("categories"))}
                 aria-current={na("categories") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
                 {t("categories")}
               </Link>
               <Link
-                to="/official-recommendations"
+                to={lp("/official-recommendations")}
                 className={navClassName(na("browseRecommended"))}
                 aria-current={na("browseRecommended") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
                 {t("official")}
               </Link>
               <Link
-                to="/browse?sort=latest"
+                to={lp("/browse?sort=latest")}
                 className={navClassName(na("browseLatest"))}
                 aria-current={na("browseLatest") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
                 {t("latest")}
               </Link>
               <Link
-                to="/favorites"
+                to={lp("/favorites")}
                 className={navClassName(na("favorites"))}
                 aria-current={na("favorites") ? "page" : undefined}
               >
@@ -661,7 +686,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
             className={`${headerMenuAnimationClass} fixed inset-x-0 top-[64px] z-50 grid gap-2 bg-[#08070c] px-4 py-3 shadow-2xl shadow-black/50 min-[440px]:px-5 sm:px-6 md:top-[70px] md:px-9 min-[1000px]:hidden`}
           >
             <Link
-              to="/browse"
+              to={lp("/browse")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("browseAll"))}
               aria-current={na("browseAll") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -669,7 +694,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               {t("all")}
             </Link>
             <Link
-              to="/categories"
+              to={lp("/categories")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("categories"))}
               aria-current={na("categories") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -677,7 +702,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               {t("categories")}
             </Link>
             <Link
-              to="/official-recommendations"
+              to={lp("/official-recommendations")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("browseRecommended"))}
               aria-current={na("browseRecommended") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -685,7 +710,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               {t("official")}
             </Link>
             <Link
-              to="/browse?sort=latest"
+              to={lp("/browse?sort=latest")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("browseLatest"))}
               aria-current={na("browseLatest") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -693,7 +718,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
               {t("latest")}
             </Link>
             <Link
-              to="/favorites"
+              to={lp("/favorites")}
               className={mobileMenuNavClassName(na("favorites"))}
               aria-current={na("favorites") ? "page" : undefined}
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
@@ -767,15 +792,16 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
             active={isHome}
           />
           <BottomNavIcon
-            to="/browse"
+            to={lp("/browse")}
             label={t("all")}
             icon="document"
             active={
-              pathname === "/browse" && !new URLSearchParams(search).get("sort")
+              stripLangPrefix(pathname) === "/browse" &&
+              !new URLSearchParams(search).get("sort")
             }
           />
           <BottomNavIcon
-            to="/favorites"
+            to={lp("/favorites")}
             label={t("favorites")}
             icon="bookmark"
             active={na("favorites")}
@@ -789,7 +815,7 @@ export function PublicLayout() {
         </div>
       </nav>
 
-      {pathname === "/browse" ? <BackToTop /> : null}
+      {stripLangPrefix(pathname) === "/browse" ? <BackToTop /> : null}
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/locales/en.ts b/src/locales/en.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7689bdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locales/en.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import type { Dict } from "./types";
+
+export const enDict: Dict = {
+  brand: "ARK Library",
+  mainNav: "Site menu",
+  home: "Home",
+  all: "All assets",
+  categories: "Categories",
+  latest: "Latest",
+  official: "Official picks",
+  popular: "Popular",
+  search: "Search",
+  searchPlaceholder: "Search resources...",
+  searchPanelPlaceholder: "Search assets...",
+  searchNow: "Search now",
+  searchSubmit: "Search",
+  cancel: "Cancel",
+  clear: "Clear",
+  searchPanelHint:
+    "Search supports title, category, tags, summary, file type, and body text.",
+  currentTags: "Available tags",
+  noTagsAvailable: "No tags available yet.",
+  tagPostsTitle: "#{{tag}} related posts",
+  noTagPosts: "No posts with this tag yet.",
+  viewAll: "View all",
+  backToTop: "Back to top",
+  heroTitle: "ARK Official Library",
+  heroSub:
+    "Centralize, organize, and manage the ARK library so you can find what you need fast and help the community grow together.",
+  categorySection: "Categories",
+  officialSection: "Official recommendations",
+  latestSection: "Latest updates",
+  popularSection: "Popular assets",
+  preview: "Preview",
+  download: "Download",
+  downloading: "Downloading…",
+  downloadOk: "Download complete",
+  downloadFail: "Download failed, please retry",
+  longPressImageSave: "Long-press image to save",
+  showMore: "Show all",
+  showLess: "Show less",
+  share: "Share",
+  langLabel: "Language",
+  admin: "Admin",
+  login: "Sign in",
+  logout: "Sign out",
+  email: "Email",
+  password: "Password",
+  dashboard: "Dashboard",
+  resources: "Resources",
+  newResource: "New resource",
+  save: "Save",
+  title: "Title",
+  description: "Description",
+  type: "Type",
+  language: "Language",
+  category: "Category",
+  status: "Status",
+  public: "Public",
+  downloadable: "Downloadable",
+  recommended: "Featured",
+  cover: "Cover image URL",
+  fileUrl: "File URL",
+  externalUrl: "External URL",
+  body: "Text body",
+  badge: "Badge label",
+  published: "Published",
+  draft: "Draft",
+  archived: "Archived",
+  noResults: "No results. Try another keyword or browse categories.",
+  copyLink: "Copy link",
+  related: "Related",
+  total: "Total items",
+  views: "Views",
+  downloads: "Downloads",
+  lang_zh_CN: "Chinese",
+  lang_en: "English",
+  lang_ja: "Japanese",
+  lang_ko: "Korean",
+  lang_vi: "Vietnamese",
+  lang_id: "Indonesian",
+  lang_ms: "Malay",
+  filterAll: "All types",
+  sortPublished: "Published date",
+  type_ppt: "PPT",
+  type_music: "Music",
+  type_video: "Video",
+  type_image: "Image",
+  type_pdf: "PDF",
+  type_link: "Link",
+  type_text: "Text",
+  type_archive: "Archive",
+  type_zip: "ZIP",
+  adminLoginTitle: "Admin sign in",
+  adminEditResource: "Edit resource",
+  adminVideoFileHint:
+    "Upload a video file (MP4/WebM/MOV, etc.) and set type to Video; the site will autoplay (muted by default — user can unmute).",
+  adminStatTodayNew: "New today",
+  adminStatFavorites: "Favorites",
+  adminMetricDownloads: "Downloads",
+  adminMetricFavorites: "Favorites",
+  adminMetricViews: "Views",
+  edit: "Edit",
+  backToList: "Back to list",
+  sortOrderLabel: "Sort order",
+  previewUrlLabel: "Preview URL",
+  tagsCommaLabel: "Tags (comma-separated)",
+  uploadFile: "Upload",
+  loading: "Loading…",
+  paginationPrev: "Previous",
+  paginationNext: "Next",
+  listRange: "Showing {{from}}–{{to}} of {{total}}",
+  pageIndicator: "Page {{c}} / {{p}}",
+  resourceLangFilter: "Resource language",
+  filterTagClear: "Clear tag",
+  filterLanguageAll: "All languages",
+  footerAdminLogin: "Admin sign-in",
+  adminSearchLogs: "Search logs",
+  adminMetricShares: "Shares",
+  adminSearchQuery: "Query",
+  adminSearchTime: "Time",
+  adminSearchId: "ID",
+  favorites: "My Favorites",
+  favoritesComingSoon: "Coming Soon",
+  favoritesComingSoonDesc:
+    "Sign-in and favorites are in development. Stay tuned.",
+  featureUnavailable: "Not available yet",
+  featureUnavailableDesc: "This feature is not available yet.",
+  confirm: "Got it",
+  backToHome: "Back to Home",
+};
diff --git a/src/locales/id.ts b/src/locales/id.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1fd83c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locales/id.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import type { Dict } from "./types";
+
+export const idDict: Dict = {
+  brand: "Perpustakaan ARK",
+  mainNav: "Menu situs",
+  home: "Beranda",
+  all: "Semua aset",
+  categories: "Kategori",
+  latest: "Terbaru",
+  official: "Pilihan resmi",
+  popular: "Populer",
+  search: "Cari",
+  searchPlaceholder: "Cari sumber daya...",
+  searchPanelPlaceholder: "Cari aset...",
+  searchNow: "Cari sekarang",
+  searchSubmit: "Cari",
+  cancel: "Batal",
+  clear: "Hapus",
+  searchPanelHint:
+    "Pencarian mendukung judul, kategori, tag, ringkasan, jenis file, dan isi.",
+  currentTags: "Tag tersedia",
+  noTagsAvailable: "Belum ada tag yang tersedia.",
+  tagPostsTitle: "Postingan terkait #{{tag}}",
+  noTagPosts: "Belum ada postingan dengan tag ini.",
+  viewAll: "Lihat semua",
+  backToTop: "Kembali ke atas",
+  heroTitle: "Perpustakaan Resmi ARK",
+  heroSub:
+    "Memusatkan, mengatur, dan mengelola perpustakaan ARK agar Anda dapat menemukan yang dibutuhkan dengan cepat dan membantu komunitas tumbuh bersama.",
+  categorySection: "Kategori",
+  officialSection: "Rekomendasi resmi",
+  latestSection: "Pembaruan terbaru",
+  popularSection: "Aset populer",
+  preview: "Pratinjau",
+  download: "Unduh",
+  downloading: "Mengunduh…",
+  downloadOk: "Unduhan selesai",
+  downloadFail: "Unduhan gagal, silakan coba lagi",
+  longPressImageSave: "Tekan lama gambar untuk menyimpan",
+  showMore: "Lihat semua",
+  showLess: "Tutup",
+  share: "Bagikan",
+  langLabel: "Bahasa",
+  admin: "Admin",
+  login: "Masuk",
+  logout: "Keluar",
+  email: "Email",
+  password: "Kata sandi",
+  dashboard: "Dasbor",
+  resources: "Sumber daya",
+  newResource: "Sumber daya baru",
+  save: "Simpan",
+  title: "Judul",
+  description: "Deskripsi",
+  type: "Jenis",
+  language: "Bahasa",
+  category: "Kategori",
+  status: "Status",
+  public: "Publik",
+  downloadable: "Dapat diunduh",
+  recommended: "Unggulan",
+  cover: "URL gambar sampul",
+  fileUrl: "URL file",
+  externalUrl: "Tautan eksternal",
+  body: "Isi teks",
+  badge: "Label lencana",
+  published: "Diterbitkan",
+  draft: "Draf",
+  archived: "Diarsipkan",
+  noResults: "Tidak ada hasil. Coba kata kunci lain atau telusuri kategori.",
+  copyLink: "Salin tautan",
+  related: "Terkait",
+  total: "Total item",
+  views: "Tampilan",
+  downloads: "Unduhan",
+  lang_zh_CN: "Bahasa Tionghoa",
+  lang_en: "Bahasa Inggris",
+  lang_ja: "Bahasa Jepang",
+  lang_ko: "Bahasa Korea",
+  lang_vi: "Bahasa Vietnam",
+  lang_id: "Bahasa Indonesia",
+  lang_ms: "Bahasa Melayu",
+  filterAll: "Semua jenis",
+  sortPublished: "Tanggal terbit",
+  type_ppt: "PPT",
+  type_music: "Musik",
+  type_video: "Video",
+  type_image: "Gambar",
+  type_pdf: "PDF",
+  type_link: "Tautan",
+  type_text: "Teks",
+  type_archive: "Arsip",
+  type_zip: "ZIP",
+  adminLoginTitle: "Masuk admin",
+  adminEditResource: "Edit sumber daya",
+  adminVideoFileHint:
+    "Unggah file video (MP4/WebM/MOV, dll.) dan atur jenis ke Video; situs akan memutar otomatis (default tanpa suara — pengguna dapat membunyikan).",
+  adminStatTodayNew: "Baru hari ini",
+  adminStatFavorites: "Favorit",
+  adminMetricDownloads: "Unduhan",
+  adminMetricFavorites: "Favorit",
+  adminMetricViews: "Tampilan",
+  edit: "Edit",
+  backToList: "Kembali ke daftar",
+  sortOrderLabel: "Urutan",
+  previewUrlLabel: "URL pratinjau",
+  tagsCommaLabel: "Tag (dipisahkan koma)",
+  uploadFile: "Unggah",
+  loading: "Memuat…",
+  paginationPrev: "Sebelumnya",
+  paginationNext: "Berikutnya",
+  listRange: "Menampilkan {{from}}–{{to}} dari {{total}}",
+  pageIndicator: "Halaman {{c}} / {{p}}",
+  resourceLangFilter: "Bahasa sumber daya",
+  filterTagClear: "Hapus tag",
+  filterLanguageAll: "Semua bahasa",
+  footerAdminLogin: "Masuk admin",
+  adminSearchLogs: "Log pencarian",
+  adminMetricShares: "Berbagi",
+  adminSearchQuery: "Kueri",
+  adminSearchTime: "Waktu",
+  adminSearchId: "ID",
+  favorites: "Favorit Saya",
+  favoritesComingSoon: "Segera Hadir",
+  favoritesComingSoonDesc:
+    "Fitur masuk dan favorit sedang dikembangkan. Nantikan.",
+  featureUnavailable: "Belum tersedia",
+  featureUnavailableDesc: "Fitur ini belum tersedia.",
+  confirm: "Mengerti",
+  backToHome: "Kembali ke Beranda",
+};
diff --git a/src/locales/ja.ts b/src/locales/ja.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a6968c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locales/ja.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import type { Dict } from "./types";
+
+export const jaDict: Dict = {
+  brand: "ARK ライブラリー",
+  mainNav: "サイトメニュー",
+  home: "ホーム",
+  all: "すべての資料",
+  categories: "カテゴリー",
+  latest: "最新",
+  official: "公式おすすめ",
+  popular: "人気",
+  search: "検索",
+  searchPlaceholder: "資料を検索...",
+  searchPanelPlaceholder: "資料を検索...",
+  searchNow: "今すぐ検索",
+  searchSubmit: "検索",
+  cancel: "キャンセル",
+  clear: "クリア",
+  searchPanelHint:
+    "タイトル・カテゴリー・タグ・概要・ファイル形式・本文の検索に対応",
+  currentTags: "利用可能なタグ",
+  noTagsAvailable: "現在利用可能なタグはありません。",
+  tagPostsTitle: "#{{tag}} 関連の資料",
+  noTagPosts: "このタグの資料はまだありません。",
+  viewAll: "すべて表示",
+  backToTop: "トップへ戻る",
+  heroTitle: "ARK 公式データベース",
+  heroSub:
+    "ARK ライブラリーを集約・整理・管理し、必要な資料をすばやく見つけてコミュニティの成長を促進します。",
+  categorySection: "カテゴリー",
+  officialSection: "公式おすすめ",
+  latestSection: "最新の更新",
+  popularSection: "人気の資料",
+  preview: "プレビュー",
+  download: "ダウンロード",
+  downloading: "ダウンロード中…",
+  downloadOk: "ダウンロード完了",
+  downloadFail: "ダウンロードに失敗しました。再試行してください",
+  longPressImageSave: "画像を長押しして保存",
+  showMore: "すべて表示",
+  showLess: "閉じる",
+  share: "シェア",
+  langLabel: "言語",
+  admin: "管理画面",
+  login: "ログイン",
+  logout: "ログアウト",
+  email: "メールアドレス",
+  password: "パスワード",
+  dashboard: "ダッシュボード",
+  resources: "資料管理",
+  newResource: "新規資料",
+  save: "保存",
+  title: "タイトル",
+  description: "説明",
+  type: "種類",
+  language: "言語",
+  category: "カテゴリー",
+  status: "ステータス",
+  public: "公開",
+  downloadable: "ダウンロード可",
+  recommended: "おすすめ",
+  cover: "カバー画像 URL",
+  fileUrl: "ファイル URL",
+  externalUrl: "外部リンク",
+  body: "本文",
+  badge: "推薦バッジ",
+  published: "公開済み",
+  draft: "下書き",
+  archived: "アーカイブ",
+  noResults:
+    "該当する資料が見つかりません。別のキーワードを試すか、カテゴリーをご覧ください。",
+  copyLink: "リンクをコピー",
+  related: "関連資料",
+  total: "総資料数",
+  views: "閲覧",
+  downloads: "ダウンロード",
+  lang_zh_CN: "中国語",
+  lang_en: "英語",
+  lang_ja: "日本語",
+  lang_ko: "韓国語",
+  lang_vi: "ベトナム語",
+  lang_id: "インドネシア語",
+  lang_ms: "マレー語",
+  filterAll: "すべての種類",
+  sortPublished: "公開日",
+  type_ppt: "PPT",
+  type_music: "音楽",
+  type_video: "動画",
+  type_image: "画像",
+  type_pdf: "PDF",
+  type_link: "リンク",
+  type_text: "テキスト",
+  type_archive: "アーカイブ",
+  type_zip: "ZIP",
+  adminLoginTitle: "管理画面ログイン",
+  adminEditResource: "資料を編集",
+  adminVideoFileHint:
+    "動画ファイル（MP4/WebM/MOV など）をアップロードし、種類を「動画」に設定すると、サイト上で自動再生されます（デフォルトはミュート、ユーザーが解除可能）。",
+  adminStatTodayNew: "本日の新規",
+  adminStatFavorites: "お気に入り",
+  adminMetricDownloads: "ダウンロード",
+  adminMetricFavorites: "お気に入り",
+  adminMetricViews: "閲覧",
+  edit: "編集",
+  backToList: "一覧へ戻る",
+  sortOrderLabel: "並び順",
+  previewUrlLabel: "プレビュー URL",
+  tagsCommaLabel: "タグ（カンマ区切り）",
+  uploadFile: "アップロード",
+  loading: "読み込み中…",
+  paginationPrev: "前へ",
+  paginationNext: "次へ",
+  listRange: "{{from}}–{{to}} / 全 {{total}} 件",
+  pageIndicator: "{{c}} / {{p}} ページ",
+  resourceLangFilter: "資料の言語",
+  filterTagClear: "タグをクリア",
+  filterLanguageAll: "すべての言語",
+  footerAdminLogin: "管理者ログイン",
+  adminSearchLogs: "検索履歴",
+  adminMetricShares: "シェア",
+  adminSearchQuery: "検索キーワード",
+  adminSearchTime: "時刻",
+  adminSearchId: "ID",
+  favorites: "お気に入り",
+  favoritesComingSoon: "近日公開",
+  favoritesComingSoonDesc: "ログインとお気に入り機能は開発中です。お楽しみに。",
+  featureUnavailable: "未公開",
+  featureUnavailableDesc: "この機能はまだご利用いただけません。",
+  confirm: "了解",
+  backToHome: "ホームへ戻る",
+};
diff --git a/src/locales/ko.ts b/src/locales/ko.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94fd472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locales/ko.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import type { Dict } from "./types";
+
+export const koDict: Dict = {
+  brand: "ARK 라이브러리",
+  mainNav: "사이트 메뉴",
+  home: "홈",
+  all: "전체 자료",
+  categories: "카테고리",
+  latest: "최신",
+  official: "공식 추천",
+  popular: "인기 자료",
+  search: "검색",
+  searchPlaceholder: "자료 검색...",
+  searchPanelPlaceholder: "자료 검색...",
+  searchNow: "지금 검색",
+  searchSubmit: "검색",
+  cancel: "취소",
+  clear: "지우기",
+  searchPanelHint: "제목, 카테고리, 태그, 요약, 파일 유형, 본문 검색 지원",
+  currentTags: "사용 가능한 태그",
+  noTagsAvailable: "사용 가능한 태그가 없습니다.",
+  tagPostsTitle: "#{{tag}} 관련 자료",
+  noTagPosts: "이 태그가 포함된 자료가 없습니다.",
+  viewAll: "전체 보기",
+  backToTop: "맨 위로",
+  heroTitle: "ARK 공식 데이터베이스",
+  heroSub:
+    "ARK 라이브러리를 한곳에 모아 정리·관리하여 필요한 자료를 빠르게 찾고 커뮤니티의 성장을 함께 이끌어 갑니다.",
+  categorySection: "카테고리",
+  officialSection: "공식 추천",
+  latestSection: "최신 업데이트",
+  popularSection: "인기 자료",
+  preview: "미리보기",
+  download: "다운로드",
+  downloading: "다운로드 중…",
+  downloadOk: "다운로드 완료",
+  downloadFail: "다운로드 실패, 다시 시도해 주세요",
+  longPressImageSave: "이미지를 길게 눌러 저장",
+  showMore: "모두 보기",
+  showLess: "접기",
+  share: "공유",
+  langLabel: "언어",
+  admin: "관리자",
+  login: "로그인",
+  logout: "로그아웃",
+  email: "이메일",
+  password: "비밀번호",
+  dashboard: "대시보드",
+  resources: "자료",
+  newResource: "새 자료",
+  save: "저장",
+  title: "제목",
+  description: "설명",
+  type: "유형",
+  language: "언어",
+  category: "카테고리",
+  status: "상태",
+  public: "공개",
+  downloadable: "다운로드 가능",
+  recommended: "추천",
+  cover: "커버 이미지 URL",
+  fileUrl: "파일 URL",
+  externalUrl: "외부 링크",
+  body: "본문",
+  badge: "추천 배지",
+  published: "게시됨",
+  draft: "초안",
+  archived: "보관됨",
+  noResults:
+    "검색 결과가 없습니다. 다른 키워드로 검색하거나 카테고리를 둘러보세요.",
+  copyLink: "링크 복사",
+  related: "관련 자료",
+  total: "전체 자료",
+  views: "조회수",
+  downloads: "다운로드 수",
+  lang_zh_CN: "중국어",
+  lang_en: "영어",
+  lang_ja: "일본어",
+  lang_ko: "한국어",
+  lang_vi: "베트남어",
+  lang_id: "인도네시아어",
+  lang_ms: "말레이어",
+  filterAll: "전체 유형",
+  sortPublished: "게시일",
+  type_ppt: "PPT",
+  type_music: "음악",
+  type_video: "동영상",
+  type_image: "이미지",
+  type_pdf: "PDF",
+  type_link: "링크",
+  type_text: "텍스트",
+  type_archive: "압축 파일",
+  type_zip: "ZIP",
+  adminLoginTitle: "관리자 로그인",
+  adminEditResource: "자료 편집",
+  adminVideoFileHint:
+    "동영상 파일을 업로드 (MP4/WebM/MOV 등)하고 유형을 '동영상'으로 설정하면 사이트에서 자동 재생됩니다 (기본 음소거, 사용자가 음소거 해제 가능).",
+  adminStatTodayNew: "오늘 신규",
+  adminStatFavorites: "즐겨찾기",
+  adminMetricDownloads: "다운로드",
+  adminMetricFavorites: "즐겨찾기",
+  adminMetricViews: "조회수",
+  edit: "편집",
+  backToList: "목록으로",
+  sortOrderLabel: "정렬 순서",
+  previewUrlLabel: "미리보기 URL",
+  tagsCommaLabel: "태그 (쉼표로 구분)",
+  uploadFile: "업로드",
+  loading: "로딩 중…",
+  paginationPrev: "이전",
+  paginationNext: "다음",
+  listRange: "{{from}}–{{to}} / 총 {{total}}건",
+  pageIndicator: "{{c}} / {{p}} 페이지",
+  resourceLangFilter: "자료 언어",
+  filterTagClear: "태그 지우기",
+  filterLanguageAll: "모든 언어",
+  footerAdminLogin: "관리자 로그인",
+  adminSearchLogs: "검색 기록",
+  adminMetricShares: "공유",
+  adminSearchQuery: "검색어",
+  adminSearchTime: "시간",
+  adminSearchId: "ID",
+  favorites: "내 즐겨찾기",
+  favoritesComingSoon: "출시 예정",
+  favoritesComingSoonDesc:
+    "로그인과 즐겨찾기 기능을 개발 중입니다. 많은 기대 부탁드립니다.",
+  featureUnavailable: "준비 중",
+  featureUnavailableDesc: "이 기능은 아직 사용할 수 없습니다.",
+  confirm: "확인",
+  backToHome: "홈으로",
+};
diff --git a/src/locales/ms.ts b/src/locales/ms.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65a9047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locales/ms.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import type { Dict } from "./types";
+
+export const msDict: Dict = {
+  brand: "Perpustakaan ARK",
+  mainNav: "Menu laman",
+  home: "Laman utama",
+  all: "Semua aset",
+  categories: "Kategori",
+  latest: "Terkini",
+  official: "Pilihan rasmi",
+  popular: "Popular",
+  search: "Cari",
+  searchPlaceholder: "Cari sumber...",
+  searchPanelPlaceholder: "Cari aset...",
+  searchNow: "Cari sekarang",
+  searchSubmit: "Cari",
+  cancel: "Batal",
+  clear: "Kosongkan",
+  searchPanelHint:
+    "Carian menyokong tajuk, kategori, tag, ringkasan, jenis fail dan isi teks.",
+  currentTags: "Tag tersedia",
+  noTagsAvailable: "Belum ada tag tersedia.",
+  tagPostsTitle: "Pos berkaitan #{{tag}}",
+  noTagPosts: "Belum ada pos dengan tag ini.",
+  viewAll: "Lihat semua",
+  backToTop: "Kembali ke atas",
+  heroTitle: "Perpustakaan Rasmi ARK",
+  heroSub:
+    "Memusatkan, menyusun dan mengurus perpustakaan ARK supaya anda dapat mencari apa yang diperlukan dengan cepat dan membantu komuniti berkembang bersama.",
+  categorySection: "Kategori",
+  officialSection: "Cadangan rasmi",
+  latestSection: "Kemas kini terkini",
+  popularSection: "Aset popular",
+  preview: "Pratonton",
+  download: "Muat turun",
+  downloading: "Memuat turun…",
+  downloadOk: "Muat turun selesai",
+  downloadFail: "Muat turun gagal, sila cuba lagi",
+  longPressImageSave: "Tekan lama imej untuk simpan",
+  showMore: "Lihat semua",
+  showLess: "Tutup",
+  share: "Kongsi",
+  langLabel: "Bahasa",
+  admin: "Pentadbir",
+  login: "Log masuk",
+  logout: "Log keluar",
+  email: "E-mel",
+  password: "Kata laluan",
+  dashboard: "Papan pemuka",
+  resources: "Sumber",
+  newResource: "Sumber baharu",
+  save: "Simpan",
+  title: "Tajuk",
+  description: "Penerangan",
+  type: "Jenis",
+  language: "Bahasa",
+  category: "Kategori",
+  status: "Status",
+  public: "Awam",
+  downloadable: "Boleh dimuat turun",
+  recommended: "Pilihan",
+  cover: "URL imej muka",
+  fileUrl: "URL fail",
+  externalUrl: "Pautan luar",
+  body: "Isi teks",
+  badge: "Label lencana",
+  published: "Diterbitkan",
+  draft: "Draf",
+  archived: "Diarkibkan",
+  noResults: "Tiada hasil. Cuba kata kunci lain atau imbas kategori.",
+  copyLink: "Salin pautan",
+  related: "Berkaitan",
+  total: "Jumlah item",
+  views: "Tontonan",
+  downloads: "Muat turun",
+  lang_zh_CN: "Bahasa Cina",
+  lang_en: "Bahasa Inggeris",
+  lang_ja: "Bahasa Jepun",
+  lang_ko: "Bahasa Korea",
+  lang_vi: "Bahasa Vietnam",
+  lang_id: "Bahasa Indonesia",
+  lang_ms: "Bahasa Melayu",
+  filterAll: "Semua jenis",
+  sortPublished: "Tarikh terbit",
+  type_ppt: "PPT",
+  type_music: "Muzik",
+  type_video: "Video",
+  type_image: "Imej",
+  type_pdf: "PDF",
+  type_link: "Pautan",
+  type_text: "Teks",
+  type_archive: "Arkib",
+  type_zip: "ZIP",
+  adminLoginTitle: "Log masuk pentadbir",
+  adminEditResource: "Sunting sumber",
+  adminVideoFileHint:
+    "Muat naik fail video (MP4/WebM/MOV, dll.) dan tetapkan jenis kepada Video; laman akan main automatik (asalnya senyap — pengguna boleh hidupkan bunyi).",
+  adminStatTodayNew: "Baharu hari ini",
+  adminStatFavorites: "Kegemaran",
+  adminMetricDownloads: "Muat turun",
+  adminMetricFavorites: "Kegemaran",
+  adminMetricViews: "Tontonan",
+  edit: "Sunting",
+  backToList: "Kembali ke senarai",
+  sortOrderLabel: "Susunan",
+  previewUrlLabel: "URL pratonton",
+  tagsCommaLabel: "Tag (dipisahkan koma)",
+  uploadFile: "Muat naik",
+  loading: "Memuatkan…",
+  paginationPrev: "Sebelum",
+  paginationNext: "Seterusnya",
+  listRange: "Menunjukkan {{from}}–{{to}} daripada {{total}}",
+  pageIndicator: "Halaman {{c}} / {{p}}",
+  resourceLangFilter: "Bahasa sumber",
+  filterTagClear: "Kosongkan tag",
+  filterLanguageAll: "Semua bahasa",
+  footerAdminLogin: "Log masuk pentadbir",
+  adminSearchLogs: "Log carian",
+  adminMetricShares: "Kongsi",
+  adminSearchQuery: "Kata kunci",
+  adminSearchTime: "Masa",
+  adminSearchId: "ID",
+  favorites: "Kegemaran Saya",
+  favoritesComingSoon: "Akan Hadir",
+  favoritesComingSoonDesc:
+    "Ciri log masuk dan kegemaran sedang dibangunkan. Nantikan.",
+  featureUnavailable: "Belum tersedia",
+  featureUnavailableDesc: "Ciri ini belum tersedia.",
+  confirm: "Faham",
+  backToHome: "Kembali ke Laman Utama",
+};
diff --git a/src/locales/types.ts b/src/locales/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e15c507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locales/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export type Dict = Record<string, string>;
diff --git a/src/locales/vi.ts b/src/locales/vi.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..838e961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locales/vi.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import type { Dict } from "./types";
+
+export const viDict: Dict = {
+  brand: "Thư viện ARK",
+  mainNav: "Menu trang web",
+  home: "Trang chủ",
+  all: "Tất cả tài liệu",
+  categories: "Danh mục",
+  latest: "Mới nhất",
+  official: "Đề xuất chính thức",
+  popular: "Phổ biến",
+  search: "Tìm kiếm",
+  searchPlaceholder: "Tìm tài liệu...",
+  searchPanelPlaceholder: "Tìm tài liệu...",
+  searchNow: "Tìm ngay",
+  searchSubmit: "Tìm kiếm",
+  cancel: "Hủy",
+  clear: "Xóa",
+  searchPanelHint:
+    "Hỗ trợ tìm theo tiêu đề, danh mục, thẻ, tóm tắt, loại tệp và nội dung.",
+  currentTags: "Thẻ hiện có",
+  noTagsAvailable: "Chưa có thẻ nào.",
+  tagPostsTitle: "Tài liệu liên quan #{{tag}}",
+  noTagPosts: "Chưa có tài liệu nào với thẻ này.",
+  viewAll: "Xem tất cả",
+  backToTop: "Lên đầu trang",
+  heroTitle: "Thư viện chính thức ARK",
+  heroSub:
+    "Tập trung, phân loại và quản lý thư viện ARK để bạn nhanh chóng tìm thấy tài nguyên cần thiết và thúc đẩy sự phát triển của cộng đồng.",
+  categorySection: "Danh mục",
+  officialSection: "Đề xuất chính thức",
+  latestSection: "Cập nhật mới",
+  popularSection: "Tài liệu phổ biến",
+  preview: "Xem trước",
+  download: "Tải xuống",
+  downloading: "Đang tải xuống…",
+  downloadOk: "Tải xuống hoàn tất",
+  downloadFail: "Tải xuống thất bại, vui lòng thử lại",
+  longPressImageSave: "Nhấn giữ ảnh để lưu",
+  showMore: "Xem tất cả",
+  showLess: "Thu gọn",
+  share: "Chia sẻ",
+  langLabel: "Ngôn ngữ",
+  admin: "Quản trị",
+  login: "Đăng nhập",
+  logout: "Đăng xuất",
+  email: "Email",
+  password: "Mật khẩu",
+  dashboard: "Bảng điều khiển",
+  resources: "Tài liệu",
+  newResource: "Tài liệu mới",
+  save: "Lưu",
+  title: "Tiêu đề",
+  description: "Mô tả",
+  type: "Loại",
+  language: "Ngôn ngữ",
+  category: "Danh mục",
+  status: "Trạng thái",
+  public: "Công khai",
+  downloadable: "Có thể tải xuống",
+  recommended: "Nổi bật",
+  cover: "URL ảnh bìa",
+  fileUrl: "URL tệp",
+  externalUrl: "Liên kết bên ngoài",
+  body: "Nội dung",
+  badge: "Nhãn đề xuất",
+  published: "Đã xuất bản",
+  draft: "Bản nháp",
+  archived: "Đã lưu trữ",
+  noResults: "Không có kết quả. Hãy thử từ khóa khác hoặc duyệt danh mục.",
+  copyLink: "Sao chép liên kết",
+  related: "Tài liệu liên quan",
+  total: "Tổng số tài liệu",
+  views: "Lượt xem",
+  downloads: "Lượt tải",
+  lang_zh_CN: "Tiếng Trung",
+  lang_en: "Tiếng Anh",
+  lang_ja: "Tiếng Nhật",
+  lang_ko: "Tiếng Hàn",
+  lang_vi: "Tiếng Việt",
+  lang_id: "Tiếng Indonesia",
+  lang_ms: "Tiếng Mã Lai",
+  filterAll: "Tất cả loại",
+  sortPublished: "Ngày xuất bản",
+  type_ppt: "PPT",
+  type_music: "Âm nhạc",
+  type_video: "Video",
+  type_image: "Hình ảnh",
+  type_pdf: "PDF",
+  type_link: "Liên kết",
+  type_text: "Văn bản",
+  type_archive: "Tệp nén",
+  type_zip: "ZIP",
+  adminLoginTitle: "Đăng nhập quản trị",
+  adminEditResource: "Chỉnh sửa tài liệu",
+  adminVideoFileHint:
+    "Tải lên tệp video (MP4/WebM/MOV, v.v.) và đặt loại là Video; trang web sẽ tự động phát (mặc định tắt tiếng, người dùng có thể bật).",
+  adminStatTodayNew: "Mới hôm nay",
+  adminStatFavorites: "Yêu thích",
+  adminMetricDownloads: "Lượt tải",
+  adminMetricFavorites: "Yêu thích",
+  adminMetricViews: "Lượt xem",
+  edit: "Chỉnh sửa",
+  backToList: "Quay lại danh sách",
+  sortOrderLabel: "Thứ tự sắp xếp",
+  previewUrlLabel: "URL xem trước",
+  tagsCommaLabel: "Thẻ (cách nhau bằng dấu phẩy)",
+  uploadFile: "Tải lên",
+  loading: "Đang tải…",
+  paginationPrev: "Trước",
+  paginationNext: "Sau",
+  listRange: "Hiển thị {{from}}–{{to}} trên {{total}}",
+  pageIndicator: "Trang {{c}} / {{p}}",
+  resourceLangFilter: "Ngôn ngữ tài liệu",
+  filterTagClear: "Xóa thẻ",
+  filterLanguageAll: "Tất cả ngôn ngữ",
+  footerAdminLogin: "Đăng nhập quản trị",
+  adminSearchLogs: "Lịch sử tìm kiếm",
+  adminMetricShares: "Chia sẻ",
+  adminSearchQuery: "Từ khóa",
+  adminSearchTime: "Thời gian",
+  adminSearchId: "ID",
+  favorites: "Yêu thích của tôi",
+  favoritesComingSoon: "Sắp ra mắt",
+  favoritesComingSoonDesc:
+    "Tính năng đăng nhập và yêu thích đang phát triển. Hãy chờ đón.",
+  featureUnavailable: "Chưa khả dụng",
+  featureUnavailableDesc: "Tính năng này hiện chưa khả dụng.",
+  confirm: "Đã hiểu",
+  backToHome: "Về trang chủ",
+};
diff --git a/src/locales/zh-CN.ts b/src/locales/zh-CN.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df3d915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locales/zh-CN.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import type { Dict } from "./types";
+
+export const zhDict: Dict = {
+  brand: "ARK 资料库",
+  mainNav: "网站导航",
+  home: "首页",
+  all: "全部资料",
+  categories: "资料分类",
+  latest: "最新更新",
+  official: "官方推荐",
+  popular: "热门资料",
+  search: "搜索",
+  searchPlaceholder: "搜索资料...",
+  searchPanelPlaceholder: "搜索资料...",
+  searchNow: "立即搜索资料",
+  searchSubmit: "搜索",
+  cancel: "取消",
+  clear: "清除",
+  searchPanelHint: "支持搜索 标题・分类・标签・简介・文件类型・正文",
+  currentTags: "现有标签",
+  noTagsAvailable: "暂无可选择的标签。",
+  tagPostsTitle: "#{{tag}} 相关资料",
+  noTagPosts: "暂时找不到带有此标签的资料。",
+  viewAll: "查看全部",
+  backToTop: "回到顶部",
+  heroTitle: "ARK 官方数据库",
+  heroSub:
+    "集中、分类、管理 ARK 数据库，让你快速找到所需资源，推动社群共识与成长。",
+  categorySection: "资料分类",
+  officialSection: "官方推荐",
+  latestSection: "最新更新",
+  popularSection: "热门资料",
+  preview: "预览",
+  download: "下载",
+  downloading: "下载中…",
+  downloadOk: "下载完成",
+  downloadFail: "下载失败，请重试",
+  longPressImageSave: "长按图片保存到相册",
+  showMore: "展开全部",
+  showLess: "收起全部",
+  share: "分享",
+  langLabel: "语言",
+  admin: "后台",
+  login: "登录",
+  logout: "退出",
+  email: "邮箱",
+  password: "密码",
+  dashboard: "仪表盘",
+  resources: "资料管理",
+  newResource: "新增资料",
+  save: "保存",
+  title: "标题",
+  description: "简介",
+  type: "类型",
+  language: "语言",
+  category: "分类",
+  status: "状态",
+  public: "公开",
+  downloadable: "可下载",
+  recommended: "首页推荐",
+  cover: "封面图 URL",
+  fileUrl: "文件 URL",
+  externalUrl: "外部链接",
+  body: "文案内容",
+  badge: "推荐标签",
+  published: "已发布",
+  draft: "草稿",
+  archived: "归档",
+  noResults: "找不到符合的资料，请换个关键字或浏览分类。",
+  copyLink: "复制链接",
+  related: "相关资料",
+  total: "总资料",
+  views: "浏览",
+  downloads: "下载",
+  lang_zh_CN: "中文",
+  lang_en: "English",
+  lang_ja: "日本語",
+  lang_ko: "한국어",
+  lang_vi: "Tiếng Việt",
+  lang_id: "Bahasa Indonesia",
+  lang_ms: "Bahasa Melayu",
+  filterAll: "全部",
+  sortPublished: "发布时间",
+  type_ppt: "PPT",
+  type_music: "音乐",
+  type_video: "视频",
+  type_image: "图片",
+  type_pdf: "PDF",
+  type_link: "链接",
+  type_text: "文字",
+  type_archive: "压缩包",
+  type_zip: "ZIP",
+  adminLoginTitle: "管理后台登录",
+  adminEditResource: "编辑资料",
+  adminVideoFileHint:
+    "上传视频文件（MP4/WebM/MOV 等），类型请选择「视频」；保存后前台自动播放（默认静音，可点喇叭开声音）。",
+  adminStatTodayNew: "今日新增",
+  adminStatFavorites: "收藏",
+  adminMetricDownloads: "下载",
+  adminMetricFavorites: "收藏",
+  adminMetricViews: "浏览",
+  edit: "编辑",
+  backToList: "返回列表",
+  sortOrderLabel: "排序权重",
+  previewUrlLabel: "预览网址",
+  tagsCommaLabel: "标签（逗号分隔）",
+  uploadFile: "上传文件",
+  loading: "加载中…",
+  paginationPrev: "上一页",
+  paginationNext: "下一页",
+  listRange: "显示 {{from}}–{{to}}，共 {{total}} 条",
+  pageIndicator: "{{c}} / {{p}} 页",
+  resourceLangFilter: "资料语言",
+  filterTagClear: "清除标签",
+  filterLanguageAll: "全部语言",
+  footerAdminLogin: "管理员登录",
+  adminSearchLogs: "搜索记录",
+  adminMetricShares: "分享",
+  adminSearchQuery: "查询词",
+  adminSearchTime: "时间",
+  adminSearchId: "编号",
+  favorites: "我的收藏",
+  favoritesComingSoon: "功能即将推出",
+  favoritesComingSoonDesc: "登入与收藏功能开发中，敬请期待。",
+  featureUnavailable: "未开放",
+  featureUnavailableDesc: "该功能暂未开放。",
+  confirm: "知道了",
+  backToHome: "返回首页",
+};
diff --git a/src/pages/Categories/index.tsx b/src/pages/Categories/index.tsx
index 16264e3..2edbe83 100644
--- a/src/pages/Categories/index.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/Categories/index.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { CategoryIcon } from "../../components/CategoryIcon";
 import { useSetPageTitle } from "../../components/PageTitleContext";
 import { Skeleton } from "../../components/Skeleton";
 import { langQuery, useI18n } from "../../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../../useLocalizedPath";
 import { cleanCategoryDisplayName } from "../../utils/categoryDisplay";
 import { Reveal } from "../../motion";
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ function figmaCategoryRank(category: Category): number {
 
 export function CategoriesPage() {
   const { t, lang } = useI18n();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   useSetPageTitle(t("categories"));
   const [cats, setCats] = useState<Category[]>([]);
   const [err, setErr] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ export function CategoriesPage() {
                 className="h-[88px]"
               >
                 <Link
-                  to={`/category/${encodeURIComponent(category.slug)}`}
+                  to={lp(`/category/${encodeURIComponent(category.slug)}`)}
                   className="flex h-[88px] min-w-0 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-xl border border-[#27292E] bg-[#1D1E23] px-4 py-3 text-center outline-none transition hover:border-ark-gold/55 hover:bg-[#252630] focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/80 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-ark-bg"
                 >
                   <CategoryIcon
diff --git a/src/pages/Home/index.tsx b/src/pages/Home/index.tsx
index c8a20a8..a8412cc 100644
--- a/src/pages/Home/index.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/Home/index.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { RecommendedCard } from "../../components/RecommendedCard";
 import { SectionHeader } from "../../components/SectionHeader";
 import { MessageBubble } from "../../components/messageStream/MessageBubble";
 import { langQuery, useI18n } from "../../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../../useLocalizedPath";
 import { sourceLanguageQuery } from "../../i18nLanguages";
 import { cleanCategoryDisplayName } from "../../utils/categoryDisplay";
 import {
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ function figmaCategoryRank(category: Category): number {
 
 export function Home() {
   const { t, lang } = useI18n();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const { hash } = useLocation();
   const [cats, setCats] = useState<Category[]>([]);
   const [rec, setRec] = useState<PostBackedResource[]>([]);
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@ export function Home() {
                     {page.map((c) => (
                       <Link
                         key={c.id}
-                        to={`/category/${encodeURIComponent(c.slug)}`}
+                        to={lp(`/category/${encodeURIComponent(c.slug)}`)}
                         className="flex h-[88px] min-w-0 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-xl border border-[#27292E] bg-[#1D1E23] px-4 py-3 text-center outline-none transition hover:border-ark-gold/55 hover:bg-[#252630] focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/80 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-ark-bg"
                       >
                         <CategoryIcon
@@ -350,7 +352,7 @@ export function Home() {
               {figmaOrderedCategories.map((c, index) => (
                 <Reveal key={c.id} delay={Math.min(index, 8) * 0.05}>
                   <Link
-                    to={`/category/${encodeURIComponent(c.slug)}`}
+                    to={lp(`/category/${encodeURIComponent(c.slug)}`)}
                     className="flex h-[88px] min-w-0 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-xl border border-[#27292E] bg-[#1D1E23] px-4 py-3 text-center outline-none transition hover:border-ark-gold/55 hover:bg-[#252630] focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ark-gold/80 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-ark-bg"
                   >
                     <CategoryIcon
diff --git a/src/pages/PostRedirect/index.tsx b/src/pages/PostRedirect/index.tsx
index 99f9a7f..7bd2f84 100644
--- a/src/pages/PostRedirect/index.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/PostRedirect/index.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect } from "react";
 import { useNavigate, useParams } from "react-router-dom";
 import { getJSON } from "../../api";
 import { langQuery, useI18n } from "../../i18n";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../../useLocalizedPath";
 import { MOCK_POSTS } from "../../mocks/mockPosts";
 import { POST_STREAM_USES_MOCK } from "../../components/messageStream/hooks/usePostStream";
 import type { Post } from "../../types/post";
@@ -10,17 +11,18 @@ export function PostRedirect() {
   const { id } = useParams();
   const { lang } = useI18n();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!id) {
-      navigate("/browse", { replace: true });
+      navigate(lp("/browse"), { replace: true });
       return;
     }
 
     if (POST_STREAM_USES_MOCK) {
       const post = MOCK_POSTS.find((p) => p.id === id);
       navigate(
-        post ? `/browse?post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}` : "/browse",
+        lp(post ? `/browse?post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}` : "/browse"),
         {
           replace: true,
         },
@@ -32,12 +34,12 @@ export function PostRedirect() {
       `/api/posts/${id}?lang=${encodeURIComponent(langQuery(lang))}`,
     )
       .then((post) => {
-        navigate(`/browse?post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`, {
+        navigate(lp(`/browse?post=${encodeURIComponent(post.id)}`), {
           replace: true,
         });
       })
-      .catch(() => navigate("/browse", { replace: true }));
-  }, [id, lang, navigate]);
+      .catch(() => navigate(lp("/browse"), { replace: true }));
+  }, [id, lang, navigate, lp]);
 
   return <div className="text-neutral-400">…</div>;
 }
diff --git a/src/pages/Search/index.tsx b/src/pages/Search/index.tsx
index bb537f0..bf20d92 100644
--- a/src/pages/Search/index.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/Search/index.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { Navigate, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { useLocalizedPath } from "../../useLocalizedPath";
 
 export function SearchPage() {
   const [sp] = useSearchParams();
+  const lp = useLocalizedPath();
   const query = sp.toString();
-  return <Navigate to={`/browse${query ? `?${query}` : ""}`} replace />;
+  return <Navigate to={lp(`/browse${query ? `?${query}` : ""}`)} replace />;
 }
diff --git a/src/types/post.ts b/src/types/post.ts
index 4ffe78b..f66c1de 100644
--- a/src/types/post.ts
+++ b/src/types/post.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ export type Attachment = {
   posterUrl?: string;
   thumbUrl?: string;
   thumbnailUrl?: string;
+  /** Optional 540p/mobile-friendly preview video. Downloads still use the original endpoint. */
+  mobilePreviewUrl?: string;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/useLocalizedPath.ts b/src/useLocalizedPath.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b145ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/useLocalizedPath.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { useCallback } from "react";
+import { useI18n } from "./i18n";
+import { localizePath } from "./languageRoutes";
+
+/**
+ * Returns a stable `(path) => localized path` function bound to the current
+ * UI language. Use this anywhere a `<Link to>` or `navigate()` target needs to
+ * preserve the active language prefix (e.g. `/malay/browse`).
+ */
+export function useLocalizedPath() {
+  const { lang } = useI18n();
+  return useCallback((path: string) => localizePath(path, lang), [lang]);
+}